Table 1.
Characteristics of the selected studies.
| Selected studies | Diseases | Intervention | Participants, n | Outcomes | VCBTa, mean (SD) | Control, mean (SD) | Quality | Sampling | ||||||||||
|
|
|
CBTb technique |
Control | VCBT | Control |
|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post |
|
|
||||||
| Ahmad (2020) [30] | Depression | Mindfulness | WLCc | 40 | 40 | PHQ-9d | 8.1 (6.0) | 6.0 (3.9) | 9.1 (6.2) | 9.7 (6.9) | Low risk | Community | ||||||
| Alschuler (2021) [31] | Pain | CBT | TAUe | 15 | 12 | PCSf | 20.1 (7.8) | 15.6 (10.0) | 17.4 (10.2) | 17.3 (9.3) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
| Bogosian (2015) [50] | Depression | Mindfulness | WLC | 19 | 21 | Depression HADSg | 6.2 (3.5) | 5.1 (3.2) | 7.2 (3.4) | 7.6 (4.0) | Low risk | Clinical | ||||||
| Choi (2014) [51] | Depression | PSh | Telephone support call | 43 | 36 | HAMDi | 24.6 (6.6) | 13.9 (7.7) | 24.6 (6.6) | 19.2 (7.8) | Some concerns | Community | ||||||
| Choi (2020a) [32] | Depression | Behavioral activation | Tele friendly visits | 43 | 46 | PHQ-9 | 7.2 (4.0) | 5.9 (3.8) | 7.7 (4.5) | 8.3 (4.9) | Some concerns | Community | ||||||
| Choi (2020b) [33] | Depression | Behavioral activation | ACj | 99 | 49 | HAMD | 23.2 (5.7) | 14.6 (9.5) | 22.9 (5.7) | 18.1 (10.7) | Low risk | Community | ||||||
| Choi (2020b) [33] | Depression | PS | AC | 98 | 49 | HAMD | 22.7 (5.7) | 12.4 (10.6) | 22.9 (5.7) | 18.1 (10.7) | Low risk | Community | ||||||
| Demiris (2019) [56] | GAD | PS | AC | 171 | 172 | GAD-7k | 6.8 (5.3) | 6.2 (4.6) | 7.6 (5.2) | 6.6 (4.9) | High risk | Community | ||||||
| Elliott (2008) [53] | Depression | PS | Education only | 21 | 14 | IDDl | 11.4 (9.4) | 6.1 (6.6) | 4.8 (6.1) | 8.8 (13.5) | Some concerns | Community | ||||||
| Ferguson (2016) [54] | Depression | CBT | Supportive therapy | 27 | 20 | DASSm depression | 6.0 (6.6) | 3.7 (4.3) | 12.6 (9.4) | 7.3 (7.7) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
| EI-Jawahri (2020) [52] | Depression | CBT | TAU | 45 | 47 | HADSD | 4.9 (2.8) | 2.9 (5.6) | 3.5 (3.4) | 4.4 (5.5) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
| Fox (2020) [34] | Depression | CBSMn | AC | 95 | 97 | PROMISo depression |
49.0 (7.3) | 46.6 (9.2) | 48.5 (7.4) | 46.6 (8.1) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
| EI-Morr (2020) [35] | Depression | Mindfulness | WLC | 80 | 80 | PHQ-9 | 8.4 (5.6) | 7.0 (5.0) | 9.9 (6.2) | 11.2 (6.7) | Low risk | Community | ||||||
| Morriss (2019) [36] | Hypochondriasis | CBT | TAU | 78 | 78 | SHAIp | 24.9 (4.2) | 17.7 (8.0) | 25.1 (4.5) | 22.6 (6.8) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
| Somers (2018) [55] | Pain | PCSTq | TAU | 18 | 18 | Pain severity | 3.0 (2.1) | 3.3 (2.4) | 2.7 (1.9) | 2.5 (1.9) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
| Vogel (2014) [21] | OCDr | ERPs | WLC | 10 | 10 | Y-BOCSt | 24.2 (4.3) | 11.5 (4.8) | 23.4 (2.8) | 23.4 (4.8) | High risk | Clinical | ||||||
| Vranceanu (2019) [37] | Pain | TORu | TAU | 25 | 29 | Physical function in SMFAw | 69.8 (18.2) | 20.7 (17.4) | 63.2 (17.4) | 48.6 (21.8) | Some concerns | Clinical | ||||||
aVCBT: Videoconference-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
bCBT: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
cWLC: Wait-List Control
dPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item
eTAU: Treatment As Usual
fPCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale
gHADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
hPS: Problem Solving
iHAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
jAC: Attention Control
kGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 7-item
lIDD: Inventory to Diagnose Depression
mDASS: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales
nCBSM: Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management
oPROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System
pSHAI: Short Health Anxiety Inventory
qPSCBT: Problem-Solving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
rOCD: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
sERP: Exposure Response Prevention
tY-BOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
uTOR: Toolkit for Optimal Recovery
wSMFA: Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Questionnaire