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. 2021 Dec 13;23(12):e26794. doi: 10.2196/26794

Table 3.

Change in general self-efficacy (GSE) from baseline and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

Follow-up Control (n=112) ITTa (n=110)b PPc (n=76)d


Value ORe (95% CI) P value Value OR (95% CI) P value
3 months

Change in GSE score, mean (SD) −0.568 (4.6) 0.544 (4.0) 2.261 to 0.038d .06 0.941 (4.4) −2.842 to −0.174d .03f

Improvement ≥5 points, n (%) 10 (8.9) 15 (14) 1.663 (0.712 to 3.884) .24 14 (19.2) 2.420 (1.011 to 5.792) .047f
6 months

Change in GSE score, mean (SD) −0.397 (4.5) 0.127 (4.3) −1.689 to 0.642d .38 0.384 (4.4) −2.103 to 0.542d .25

Improvement ≥5 points, n (%) 13 (11.6) 16 (15) 1.339 (0.611 to 2.936) .47 13 (17.8) 1.650 (0.717 to 3.795) .24

aITT: intention-to-treat.

b3 missing values (no general self-efficacy score at baseline).

cPP: per-protocol.

dOnly 95% CI shown as the statistical test (Student t test) does not generate odds ratio.

eOR: odds ratio.

fSignificant at P<.05.