Table 2.

Anxiety prevalence data by time of assessment and assessment tool.

Study ID	Assessment tool & cut-off	Assessment time	Gestational age (weeks)	Participants	N	n	%
Time of assessment ≤1 month
Clinical diagnosis
Misund 2014	Clinical diagnosis	4–30 days after birth (median=11 days)	<33	Mothers	29	5	17.0
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Holditch-Davis 2015a	STAI State >47 (from author)	During admission	Mean 27.2 (SD 2.9)	Mothers	232	133	57.3
Dantas 2012	STAI State >40	During admission	26-37	Mothers	60	49	81.7
Greene 2015 & 2018a	STAI >40	2-4 weeks after birth	23.2-32.3	Mothers	69	38	55.0
Onay 2021	STAI State >40	≥7 days after admission	< 37 to 40	Mothers	93	48	51.6
Ong 2019	STAI State >40	≤48 hours of admission	27-34	Mothers	180	153	85.0
Trumello 2018	STAI State > 39	1 week after birth	< 32 to <37	Mothers	62	39	62.0
			<32	Mothers	40	29	72.0
			≥32	Mothers	22	10	45.0
Misund 2014 & 2016a	STAI State >39	2 weeks after birth	<33	Mothers	29	20	69.0
Harris 2018a	STAI State >33	Before discharge	≤32	Mothers	37	12	32.0
Cajiao-Nieto 2021	STAI >28 (from author)	3 days after birth	<37	Fathers	51	17	33.0
		6-18 days after birth		Fathers	51	5	10.0
Garfield 2015a	STAI State >20 (from author)	3 months after birth (60% =<1 month)	<37	Mothers	113	31	27.0
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Carter 2007	HADS ≥12	≤3 weeks after admission (mean=17 days SD=11.2 days)	23-42	Parents	299	55	18.4
				Mothers	119	35	18.0
				Fathers	180	20	11.0
Mulder 2014	HADS >11	During admission	23–42	Parents	447	55	12.0
				Mothers	242	35	18.0
				Fathers	205	20	11.0
Eutrope 2014a	HADS ≥8	1-5 days after birth	<32	Mothers	100	75	75.0
		15 days before discharge	<32	Mothers	93	47	50.0
Pace 2016a	HADS ≥8	2 weeks after birth	<30	Parents	214	102	48.0
				Mothers	113	55	48.0
				Fathers	101	47	47.0
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Segre 2014 & McCabe-Beane 2018	BAI ≥16	2 weeks after birth	23-41	Mothers	190	53	27.9
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
Gonzalez-Hernandez 2019	HAM-A ≥18	2 weeks after birth	<37	Mothers	188	64	34.0
Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)
Kong 2013	SAS >50	6 days after admission	36.63 ± 3.34 (mothers) 37.09 ± 3.16 (fathers)	Parents	600	128	21.0
				Mothers	200	48	24.0
				Fathers	400	80	20.0
Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
Das 2021	DASS≥21 (from author)	During admission	29-39	Mothers	96	37	39.0
Bonacquisti 2020	DASS>21	During admission	Not reported	Mothers	127	23	17.8
Assessment time >1 month ≤12 months
Clinical diagnosis
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID)
Helle 2016a	SCID	4-6 weeks after birth	<37	Parents	189	13	6.9
				Mothers	111	11	9.9
				Fathers	78	2	2.9
STAI
Greene 2015 & 2018	STAI >40	After discharge	23.2-32.3	Mothers	64	23	36.0
Rogers 2013	STAI >40	At time of discharge	<30	Mothers	73	31	43.0
HADS
Pace 2016	HADS ≥8	6 months after birth	<30	Parents	155	35	23.0
				Mothers	81	20	25.0
				Fathers	74	15	20.0
Assessment time >12 months
STAI
Misund 2016	STAI >39	18 months corrected age	<33	Mothers	27	0	0.0

Abbreviations: N: Total sample, n: Number of cases; Italics: Numbers were calculated.

^aStudies measured both anxiety and PTS.