Table 6.
Pooled prevalence and subgroup analyses of PTS.
| Outcome measure | Study (N) | Sample (N) | Prevalence(95%CI) | I2% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTS≤1 month | 19 | 1,800 | 39.9 (30.8, 48.9) | 94.5 |
| Study setting | ||||
| High-income countries | 17 | 1,533 | 38.6 (30.0, 47.3) | 92.7 |
| Middle-income countries | 2 | 267 | 46.3 (41.4, 51.3) | NA |
| Study design | ||||
| Cohort | 15 | 1,354 | 35.3 (27.6, 42.9) | 89.6 |
| Cross-sectional | 4 | 446 | 55.0 (33.3, 76.8) | 96.1 |
| Sample bias - representativeness | ||||
| Representative | 6 | 900 | 41.1 (26.8, 55.5) | 94.4 |
| Non-representative | 13 | 900 | 39.3 (27.1, 51.6) | 95.4 |
| PTS symptoms assessment *a | ||||
| Clinical interviews | 1 | 158 | 24.1 (17.6, 31.5) | NA |
| Self-reported | 17 | 1,613 | 40.0 (30.8, 49.2) | 93.9 |
| Parents | ||||
| Mothers | 18 | 1,430 | 41.7 (32.0, 51.4) | 93.9 |
| Fathers | 7 | 370 | 36.0 (14.0, 58.0) | 96.6 |
| Prematurity | ||||
| Gestational age (GA)>33 weeks | 12 | 1,037 | 42.2 (28.0, 56.5) | 96.5 |
| GA ≤33 | 7 | 763 | 35.8 (30.0, 41.6) | 61.3 |
| Measuring scales a | ||||
| PPQ | 6 | 600 | 39.4 (30.1, 48.6) | 81.4 |
| Other scales | 12 | 1,171 | 38.9 (26.2, 51.5) | 95.7 |
| > 1 month ≤ 1 years | 15 | 1,067 | 24.5 (17.4, 31.6) | 90.7% |
| Study setting | ||||
| High-income countries | 13 | 915 | 24.3 (16.5, 32.2) | 91.5 |
| Middle-income countries | 2 | 152 | 21.4 (15.1, 27.8) | NR |
| Study design | ||||
| Cohort study design | 9 | 433 | 22.1 (13.6, 30.6) | 87.3 |
| Cross-sectional study design | 6 | 634 | 27.6 (14.2, 40.9) | 94.2 |
| Selection bias- representativeness* | ||||
| Representative | 3 | 227 | 11.2 (6.5, 15.9) | NR |
| Non-representative | 12 | 840 | 27.3 (19.0, 35.7) | 91.0 |
| PTS symptoms assessment* a | ||||
| Clinical interviews | 1 | 189 | 11.1 (7.0, 16.5) | NA |
| Self-reported | 13 | 851 | 25.1 (17.2, 33.1) | 90.8 |
| Parents b | ||||
| Mothers | 13 | 830 | 25.7 (17.6, 33.8) | 88.7 |
| Fathers | 5 | 237 | 28.5 (9.6,47.4) | 93.2 |
| Scales a | ||||
| PPQ | 2 | 185 | 24.9 (18.9, 31.1) | NR |
| Other scales | 12 | 855 | 23.9 (15.7, 32.2) | 92.4% |
| PTS > 1 year | 10 | 762 | 27.1 (20.7, 33.6) | 75.6% |
| Study setting* | ||||
| High-income countries | 9 | 677 | 24.5 (19.5, 29.6) | 55.5% |
| Middle-income countries | 1 | 85 | 48.2 (37.3, 59.3) | NA |
| Study design | ||||
| Cohort study design | 5 | 370 | 25.8 (19.2, 32.4) | 46.8 |
| Cross-sectional study design | 5 | 392 | 27.5 (15.9, 39.0) | 85.6 |
| Sample representativeness Non-representative |
10 | |||
| PTS symptoms assessment | ||||
| Self-reported | 10 | |||
| Parents* | ||||
| Mothers | 10 | 661 | 27.6 (21.4, 33.9) | 69.2 |
| Fathers | 2 | 101 | 16.1 (9.0, 23.2) | NR |
| Prematurityc | ||||
| GA >33 weeks | 3 | 240 | 25.68(16.7, 35.0) | 45.6 |
| GA ≤33 weeks | 6 | 455 | 30.5 (20.8, 40.3) | 80.2 |
| Measuring scalesa | ||||
| PPQ | 4 | 314 | 31.3 (26.2, 36.4) | 0.0 |
| Other scales | 5 | 419 | 24.3 (13.4, 35.2) | 85.6 |
Abbreviations: a Misund not included; b Schecter 2020 and Malin not included as parents data reported combined; c Clark not included as GA NR;* P <0.05 significant difference between subgroups; NR: Not reported as a few studies were pooled; NR: Not reported; PPQ: Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaires.