Table 6.
Summary of ongoing clinical trials evaluating combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors with locoregional therapies
| BCLC stage | Estimated/included patients | Clinical trial identifier | Phase | Arm |
| 0 | 530 | NCT03383458 | III | Arm 1: RFA/MWA/curative resection + nivolumab (neoadjuvant) vs Arm 2: RFA/MWA/curative resection |
| B | 26 | NCT03397654 (PETAL) | Ib | Single arm: TACE followed by pembrolizumab |
| B | 950 | NCT04246177 LEAP-012 | III | Arm 1: TACE + lenvatinib + pembrolizumab vs Arm 2: TACE |
| B | 49 | NCT03572582 (IMMUTACE) | II | Single arm: TACE + Nivolumab |
| B | 522 | NCT04268888 TACE-3 | II/III | Arm 1: DEB-TACE + Nivolumab vs Arm 2: DEB-TACE |
| B | 765 | NCT04340193, CheckMate 74W | III | Arm 1: TACE + nivolumab + ipilimumab vs Arm 2: TACE + nivolumab + placebo |
| A | 50 | NCT03939975 | II | Single arm: Pembrolizumab or nivolumab or toripalimab. For participants with stable disease or atypical progression to immunotherapy therapy, RFA or MWA is performed additionally |
| B | 130 | NCT03864211 | I/II | Single arm: RFA or MWA followed by Toripalimab |
| B | 61 | NCT01853618 | I/II | Single arm: Tremelimumab + RFA or TACE |
| B | 30 | NCT03638141 | II | Single arm: Initial DEB-TACE followed by Durvalumab + tremelimumab |
| B | 22 | NCT03937830 | II | Single arm: Durvalumab and bevacizumab + TACE |
| B/C | 600 | NCT03778957 EMERALD-1 | III | Arm 1: TACE + durvalumab vs Arm 2: TACE +bevacizumab + durvalumab |
| A/B | 662 | NCT04102098 IMbrave050 | III | Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in HCC patients at high risk of recurrence after surgical resection or ablation vs Active surveillance in HCC patients at high risk of recurrence after surgical resection or ablation |
BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; MWA: Microwave ablation; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.