Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Gender | 1.036 | 0.640–1.667 | 0.885 | |||
| Age | 0.987 | 0.968–1.006 | 0.182 | |||
| Clinical symptoms | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Local symptoms | 2.366 | 1.218–4.584 | 0.011* | 1.944 | 0.942–4.009 | 0.072 |
| Systemic symptoms | 3.719 | 1.540–8.895 | 0.004* | 2.974 | 1.183–7.474 | 0.020* |
| Both | 4.375 | 2.143–8.932 | 0.000* | 3.792 | 1.779–8.084 | 0.001* |
| BMI | 0.956 | 0.906–1.009 | 0.100 | |||
| Surgical approach | ||||||
| Laparoscope | Reference | |||||
| Open | 1.907 | 1.233–2.950 | 0.004* | – | – | 0.760 |
| Mayo classification | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | |||||
| 1 | 0.589 | 0.271–1.280 | 0.181 | |||
| 2 | 1.202 | 0.709–2.039 | 0.494 | |||
| 3 | 1.907 | 0.959–3.796 | 0.066 | |||
| 4 | 1.394 | 0.641–3.030 | 0.402 | |||
| IVC segmental resection | 1.855 | 1.153–2.983 | 0.011* | – | – | 0.571 |
| Preoperative serum creatinine | 1.003 | 0.994–1.011 | 0.540 | |||
| Serum creatinine 1 week after operation | 1.002 | 1.001–1.004 | 0.010* | 1.003 | 1.001–1.005 | 0.003* |
| Side | ||||||
| Left | Reference | |||||
| Right | 0.706 | 0.465–1.070 | 0.101 | |||
| Tumor diameter | 1.059 | 0.077 | ||||
| Clinical N stage | ||||||
| cN0 | Reference | |||||
| cN1 | 1.521 | 0.980–2.359 | 0.061 | |||
| Adrenal metastasis | 1.425 | 0.737–2.756 | 0.293 | |||
| Distant metastasis | 2.571 | 1.690–3.912 | < 0.001* | 2.571 | 1.580–4.010 | < 0.001* |
| Bland thrombus | 1.751 | 1.120–2.738 | 0.014* | – | – | 0.632 |
| Sarcomatoid feature | 2.777 | 1.651–4.669 | < 0.001* | 2.698 | 1.541–4.809 | 0.001* |
| Perirenal fat infiltration | 1.545 | 1.011–2.363 | 0.045* | – | – | 0.802 |
| Pathology type | ||||||
| Clear cell RCC | Reference | |||||
| Non‐clear cell RCC | 2.630 | 1.627–4.254 | < 0.001* | 2.206 | 1.286–3.783 | 0.004* |
| Nuclear grade | ||||||
| 1–2 | Reference | |||||
| 3–4 | 1.953 | 1.236–3.085 | 0.004* | – | – | 0.098 |
| Lymph node dissection | 2.249 | 1.474–3.431 | < 0.001* | 1.981 | 1.271–3.087 | 0.003* |
| ASA grade | ||||||
| 1 | Reference | |||||
| 2 | 0.657 | 0.302–1.431 | 0.290 | |||
| 3 | 0.814 | 0.320–2.069 | 0.665 | |||
| Operative time | 1.002 | 1.001–1.004 | 0.002* | – | – | 0.179 |
| Surgical blood loss | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.013* | – | – | 0.532 |
| Postoperative complication | 1.509 | 0.990–2.298 | 0.055 | |||
| Severe postoperative complication | 1.833 | 0.948–3.543 | 0.071 | |||
| Thrombus adhering to the IVC | 1.297 | 0.855–1.968 | 0.221 | |||
| GADVR | 2.125 | 1.124–4.019 | 0.020* | 2.039 | 1.030–4.038 | 0.041* |
HR Hazard ratios, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, IVC inferior vena cava, RCC renal cell carcinoma, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, GADVR growing against the direction of venous return
*p<0.05