TABLE 1.
Child Characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 Testing, and Nonneurological Manifestations by Overall, Neurological Manifestation Status, and Acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C Group
| Variables | Overall N = 1493 |
Neurological Manifestations N = 652 (44%) |
No Neurological Manifestations N = 841 (56%) |
P Value | Acute SARS-CoV-2 N = 1278 (86%) |
MIS-C N = 215 (14%) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epoch | n = 1331 | n = 581 | n = 750 | n = 1156 | n = 175 | <0.001 | |
| January 2020-June 2020 | 457 (34.3) | 197 (33.9) | 260 (34.7) | 0.869 | 417 (36.1) | 40 (22.9) | |
| July 2020-December 2020 | 736 (55.3) | 321 (55.3) | 415 (55.3) | 632 (54.7) | 104 (59.4) | ||
| January 2021-April 2021 | 138 (10.4) | 63 (10.8) | 75 (10.0) | 107 (9.3) | 31 (17.7) | ||
| Age, y | 8 (1.1-14.0) | 11·5 (6.0-15.0) | 4·6 (0.6-13.0) | 0.006 | 8·0 (1.0-14.8) | 8.3 (5.0-13.0) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | n = 1459 | n = 652 | n = 808 | n = 1244 | n = 215 | ||
| 691 (47.4) | 310 (47.5) | 381 (47.2) | 0.980 | 601 (48.3) | 90 (41.9) | 0.175 | |
| Race | n = 1430 | n = 640 | n = 790 | n = 507 | n = 923 | ||
| White | 599 (41.9) | 284 (44.4) | 315 (39.8) | 522 (42.9) | 77 (36.2) | ||
| Black or African American | 404 (28.3) | 171 (26.7) | 233 (29.5) | 331 (27.2) | 73 (34.3) | ||
| Asian | 51 (3.6) | 24 (3.8) | 27 (3.4) | 0.555 | 41 (3.4) | 10 (4.7) | 0.111 |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 7 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) | 6 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | ||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 5 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| Other | 364 (25.5) | 155 (24.2) | 209 (26.5) | 314 (25.8) | 50 (23.5) | ||
| Hispanic | n = 1399 | n = 624 | n = 775 | 0.828 | n = 1190 | n = 209 | |
| Ethnicity | 518 (37.0) | 233 (37.3) | 285 (36.8) | 456 (38.3) | 62 (29.7) | 0.017 | |
| Acute SARS-CoV-2 versus MIS-C diagnosis and test results | |||||||
| Acute SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis | 1278 (85.6) | 510 (39.9) | 768 (60.1) | ||||
| PCR/Ag+ (n = 1480) | 1217 (82.2) | 470 (72.6) | 747 (89.7) | <0.001 | 1217 (82.2) | <0.001∗ | |
| Ab+ (n = 1092) | 121 (11.1) | 89 (17.4) | 32 (5.5) | <0.001 | 121 (11.1) | <0.001∗ | |
| Suspected/presumed (n = 808) | 35 (4.33%) | 28 (7.7) | 7 (1.6) | <0.001 | 35 (4.3) | 0.003∗ | |
| MIS-C diagnosis | 215 (14.4) | 142 (66.0) | 73 (34.0) | ||||
| PCR+ (n = 1480) | 135 (9.1) | 84 (13.0) | 51 (6.1) | <0.001 | 215 (14·4) | ||
| Ab+ (n = 1092) | 178 (16.3) | 119 (23.3) | 59 (10.2) | <0.001 | 135 (9.1) | ||
| Suspected/presumed (n = 808) | 14 (1.7) | 13 (3.6) | 1 (0.2) | <0.001 | 178 (16.3) | ||
| Pre-existing condition (n = 1493) | 863 (57.8) | 421 (64.6) | 442 (52.6) | <0.001 | 783 (61.3) | 80 (37.2) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory (n = 1452) | 285 (19.6) | 142 (21.8) | 143 (17.8) | 0.055 | 257 (20.8) | 28 (13.0) | 0.008 |
| Neurological (n = 1451) | 287 (19.8) | 176 (27.0) | 111 (13.9) | <0.001 | 268 (21.7) | 19 (8.8) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal (n = 1453) | 200 (13.8) | 84 (12.9) | 116 (14.5) | 0.391 | 190 (15.3) | 10 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (n = 1271) | 175 (13.8) | 111 (19.0) | 64 (9.3) | <0.001 | 157 (14.8) | 18 (8.7) | 0.019 |
| Congenital/genetic (n = 1454) | 179 (12.3) | 84 (12.9) | 95 (11.8) | 0.536 | 170 (13.7) | 9 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic/immunologic (n = 1452) | 155 (10.7) | 63 (9.7) | 92 (11.5) | 0.267 | 148 (12.0) | 7 (3.3) | 0.001 |
| Metabolic (n = 1454) | 135 (9.3) | 83 (12.7) | 52 (6.5) | <0.001 | 123 (9.9) | 12 (5.6) | 0.043 |
| Cardiovascular (n = 1452) | 133 (9.2) | 51 (7.9) | 82 (10.2) | 0.118 | 123 (9.9) | 10 (4.7) | 0.013 |
| Premature (n = 1397) | 125 (9.0) | 47 (7.7) | 78 (10.0) | <0.001 | 119 (9.9) | 6 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Technology dependent (n = 1454) | 110 (7.6) | 48 (7.4) | 62 (7.7) | 0.803 | 102 (8.2) | 8 (3.7) | 0.021 |
| Renal/urologic (n = 1453) | 75 (5.2) | 32 (4.9) | 43 (5.4) | 0.702 | 70 (5.7) | 5 (2.3) | 0.042 |
| Malignancy (n = 1453) | 68 (4.7) | 33 (5.1) | 35 (4.4) | 0.519 | 65 (5.3) | 3 (1.4) | 0.014 |
| Transplantation (n = 1453) | 35 (2.4) | 15 (2.3) | 20 (2.5) | 0.818 | 33 (2.7) | 2 (0.9) | 0.126 |
| Other (n = 1453) | 144 (9.9) | 79 (12.1) | 65 (8.1) | 0.011 | 135 (10.9) | 9 (4.2) | 0.003 |
| Nonneurological manifestation | |||||||
| Fever (n = 1493) | 955 (64.0) | 448 (68.7) | 507 (60.3) | 0.001 | 749 (58.6) | 206 (95.8) | <0.001 |
| Cough (n = 1493) | 531 (35.6) | 250 (38.3) | 281 (33.4) | 0.048 | 465 (36.4) | 66 (30.7) | 0.107 |
| Anorexia (n = 1493) | 429 (28.7) | 215 (33.0) | 214 (25.4) | 0.001 | 305 (23·9) | 124 (57.7) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal pain (n = 1493) | 360 (24.1) | 211 (32.4) | 149 (17.7) | <0.001 | 239 (18.7) | 121 (56.3) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhea (n = 1493) | 316 (21.2) | 165 (25.3) | 151 (18.0) | 0.001 | 210 (16.4) | 106 (49.3) | <0.001 |
| Throat pain (n = 1493) | 196 (13.1) | 133 (20.4) | 63 (7.5) | <0.001 | 139 (10.9) | 57 (26.5) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations:
Ab = Antibody
Ag = Antigen
IQR = Interquartile range
MIS-C = Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)
PCR = Polymerase chain reaction
SARS-CoV-2 = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Results are reported as median (IQR) versus n (%).
∗
Acute SARS-CoV-2 versus MIS-C.