Table 3.
Multivariable Linear Mixed-Effects Models of Change in Ocular Perfusion Pressure (Dependent Variable) and Patient Characteristics (Predictor Variables) After Treatment with Timolol or Latanoprost
| Timolol | Latanoprost | |
|---|---|---|
| Independent variable a | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) b |
| Health history model | ||
| Body mass index | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.04) |
| Cigarette smoking | 0.79 (0.16, 1.43)c | 0.04 (−0.79, 0.88) |
| Diabetes | −1.48 (−3.09, 0.14) | −0.62 (−2.72, 1.47) |
| Hypertension | −0.35 (−1.17, 0.46) | −0.23 (−1.3, 0.84) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | −0.54 (−1.23, 0.15) | 0.12 (−0.81, 1.05) |
| Depression | −1.63 (−2.51, −0.74)d | −0.42 (−1.74, 0.91) |
| Cancer | −0.06 (−1.06, 0.94) | −0.46 (−1.54, 0.62) |
| Thrombotic disorder | 2.34 (0.23, 4.46)c | −0.59 (−3.28, 2.11) |
| Medication use model | ||
| Psychotropic medication | −0.56 (−1.17, 0.06) | −1.24 (−1.98, −0.51)d |
| Antihypertensive | −0.33 (−1.04, 0.38) | −0.69 (−1.55, 0.18) |
| Diabetes medication | −3.88 (−5.59, −2.16)d | −1.99 (−4.04, 0.06) |
| Statin | 0.16 (−0.6, 0.92) | 0.16 (−0.76, 1.09) |
| Steroid | −1.84 (−3.42, −0.27)c | −2.43 (−4.38, −0.47)c |
| Thyroid medication | −0.30 (−1.19, 0.6) | −0.44 (−1.51, 0.63) |
| Ocular factors model | ||
| Episcleral venous pressure | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.15) | −0.19 (−0.40, 0.03) |
| Central corneal thickness | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.002 (−0.01, 0.01) |
| Corneal hysteresis | −0.05 (−0.31, 0.21) | −0.09 (−0.34, 0.16) |
| Axial length | 0.24 (−0.28, 78) | 0.29 (−0.07, 0.43) |
| Spherical equivalents | 0.10 (−0.14, 0.35) | 0.18 (−0.24, 0.35) |
Estimates for binary variables (ie, medical conditions and medication use) are compared with a reference group who did not have a given medical condition or did not use a given type of medication.
Positive β coefficients indicate larger increases in OPP. Models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, order of treatment, and baseline OPP.
Indicates β coefficient is statistically significantly different from 0 (P < 0.05) before Bonferroni adjustment.
β coefficient is statistically significantly different from 0 (P < 0.05) with Bonferroni adjustment.
95% CI, 95-percent confidence interval; OPP, ocular perfusion pressure.