Table 6.
Frequency, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity of the individual triggers
| Trigger | Absolute frequency | PPV | NPV | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1: C. difficile-positive stool | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| M2: Thromboplastin time 1 >120 sec and thromboplastin time 2 >13 sec for bleeding under heparin | 82 | 1 | 0.92 | 1 | 0.92 |
| M3: INR > 4 for bleeding under VKA | 21 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.99 |
| M3.1 INR > 4 for supratherapeutic INR under VKA | 21 | 0.57 | 1 | 1 | 0.99 |
| M3.2 INR > 4 for bleeding under all medication | 21 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.98 |
| M4: Administration of glucagon or 50% glucose | 0 | N/A | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| M5: Rising urea or creatinine 2× above upper limit of normal | 41 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 0.47 | 0.97 |
| M6: Vitamin K administration | 56 | 0.22 | 1 | 1 | 0.96 |
| M7: Antihistamine administration | 40 | 0.33 | 0.99 | 0.62 | 0.97 |
| M8: Flumazenil administration | 0 | N/A | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| M9: Naloxone administration for severe opioid ADE | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| M9.1: Naloxone administration for all opioid ADEs | 2 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.19 | 1 |
| M11: hypotension (SBP <80 mmHg) | 26 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.98 |
| M13: Rivaroxaban drug-level or anti-factor Xa activity | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.99 |
Abbreviation: N/A, not applicable.