| Reference |
Design |
Number of participants |
Population |
Conclusion |
| Wagner et al. (2016) [41] |
Cohort study |
1656 |
Hospitalized stroke patients before and after implementation of a systemic oral hygiene care innervation |
Proper oral hygiene care is linked with a lower risk of pneumonia in stroke patients |
| Al-Khaled et al. (2018) [42] |
Hospital-based study |
9164 |
Patients with acute ischemic stroke who were residents of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein |
Early dysphagia diagnosis within 24 hours of admission appeared to be associated with a lower risk of stroke-related pneumonia |
| Shen et al. (2020) [45] |
Prospective study |
183 |
Patients with stroke-related pneumonia |
Vitamin E may have a supplementary therapeutic effect in patients suffering from stroke-related pneumonia |
| Song et al. (2020) [48] |
Retrospective observational study |
7001 |
Patients with acute ischemic stroke and no prior history of pneumonia |
Treatment with statins have a preventive effect against post-stroke pneumonia |
| Lin et al. (2019) [50] |
Population-based cohort study |
7516 |
Patients newly diagnosed with stroke between 2000 and 2012 |
Benzodiazepines have a higher risk of chronic-onset post-stroke pneumonia |
| Chang et al. (2018) [52] |
Retrospective cohort study |
12557 |
New stroke patients who did and did not receive acupuncture post-stroke |
Acupuncture-treated stroke patients had a lower risk of pneumonia than those who did not |
| Hamada et al. (2017) [53] |
Retrospective study |
53 |
Acute stroke patients with dysphagia |
Surface electrical stimulation may be effective in reducing the occurrence of pulmonary infection in post-stroke patients |
