Loss of MEKK3 in ECs impairs blood-flow recovery and increases TGFβ-signaling in hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model. (A) Representative images of blood-flow recovery from Ctrl and Mekk3iECKO mice at indicated days. (B) Quantification of blood-flow recovery for Ctrl and Mekk3iECKO mice. Data represent mean ± SD. n = 6 male mice per group. (C and D) Immunostaining of eNOS and SMA (C) and TGFβ and p-Smad3 (D) in gracilis muscle blood vessels from Ctrl and Mekk3iECKO mice at day 7. (Scale bar, 20 μm.) (E and F) SMA immunostaining and quantification of blood vessels diameter for Ctrl and Mekk3iECKO mice. Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 6 male mice per group. (Scale bar, 50 μm.) **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ns: not significant, calculated by unpaired t test (F) and two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison tests (B).