Appendix Table A.7.
Internalizing symptoms linear regression unstandardized and standardized coefficients for models additionally adjusted for religiosity and social media use.
| Self-esteem | Self-derogation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI) | β | b (95% CI) | β | |
| Intercept | 4.41 (4.33, 4.49) | – | 1.60 (1.51, 1.70) | – |
| Year | Reference: 2008 – 2012 | |||
| 2013–2017 | −0.12 (−0.23, −0.01) | −0.07 | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) | 0.03 |
| Sex | Reference: male | |||
| Female | −0.10 (−0.2, 0.00) | −0.05 | 0.12 (0, 0.23) | 0.05 |
| Political Belief | Reference: conservative | |||
| Liberal | −0.11 (−0.22, 0.00) | −0.05 | 0.23 (0.09, 0.36) | 0.08 |
| Moderate | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.07) | −0.02 | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.22) | 0.04 |
| Radical | −0.09 (−0.35, 0.16) | −0.01 | 0.59 (0.28, 0.89) | 0.07 |
| Unsure | −0.06 (−0.16, 0.04) | −0.03 | 0.13 (0.02, 0.25) | 0.06 |
| Parental Education | Reference: > college degree | |||
| < College degree | −0.10 (−0.20, 0.00) | −0.05 | 0.25 (0.13, 0.37) | 0.12 |
| Race | Reference: white | |||
| Black | 0.05 (0.01, 0.10) | 0.02 | −0.06 (−0.11, 0.00) | −0.02 |
| Hispanic | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.01 | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.08) | 0.01 |
| Region | Reference: south | |||
| North Central | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.00) | −0.02 | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.08) | 0.02 |
| Northeast | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.00 | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.01) | −0.01 |
| Metro Area | Reference: medium | |||
| Large | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.00 | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.00 |
| Small | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) | −0.01 | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.01 |
| GPA | Reference: B or higher | |||
| B- or lower | −0.18 (−0.22, −0.14) | −0.08 | 0.35 (0.31, 0.39) | 0.14 |
| Religiosity | Reference: more religious | |||
| Less religious | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.17) | −0.11 | 0.18 (0.15, 0.22) | 0.08 |
| Social Media | Reference: daily use | |||
| Non-daily use | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.06) | −0.05 | 0.04 (0, 0.08) | 0.02 |
| Year*Belief | ||||
| 2013–2017*Liberal | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.22) | 0.01 | 0.18 (−0.02, 0.39) | 0.05 |
| 2013–2017*Moderate | −0.02 (−0.17, 0.13) | −0.01 | 0.14 (−0.04, 0.32) | 0.04 |
| 2013–2017*Radical | −0.19 (−0.62, 0.23) | −0.02 | 0.68 (0.17, 1.18) | 0.05 |
| 2013–2017*Unsure | −0.12 (−0.27, 0.02) | −0.05 | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.29) | 0.04 |
| Sex*Belief | ||||
| Female*Liberal | 0.1 (−0.04, 0.24) | 0.03 | −0.06 (−0.23, 0.1) | −0.02 |
| Female*Moderate | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.15) | 0.01 | −0.03 (−0.18, 0.13) | −0.01 |
| Female*Radical | 0.08 (−0.27, 0.43) | 0.01 | 0.10 (−0.31, 0.52) | 0.01 |
| Female*Unsure | 0.00 (−0.12, 0.12) | 0.00 | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.17) | 0.01 |
| Year*Sex | ||||
| 2013–2017*Female | 0.05 (−0.09, 0.19) | 0.02 | 0.12 (−0.05, 0.28) | 0.05 |
| Belief*Parental Education | ||||
| Liberal*<College degree | 0.01 (−0.13, 0.15) | 0.00 | −0.26 (−0.43, −0.10) | −0.06 |
| Moderate*<College degree | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.20) | 0.02 | −0.19 (−0.34, −0.04) | −0.06 |
| Radical*<College degree | −0.02 (−0.34, 0.31) | 0.00 | −0.45 (−0.83, −0.07) | −0.04 |
| Unsure*< College degree | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.17) | 0.02 | −0.19 (−0.34, −0.04) | −0.07 |
| Year*Parental Education | ||||
| 2013–2017*<College degree | −0.14 (−0.29, 0.00) | −0.06 | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.24) | 0.03 |
| Year*Sex*Belief | ||||
| 2013–2017*Female*Liberal | 0.13 (−0.08, 0.34) | 0.02 | 0.03 (−0.21, 0.28) | 0.01 |
| 2013–2017*Female*Moderate | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.02 | −0.03 (−0.25, 0.19) | −0.01 |
| 2013–2017*Female*Radical | 0.29 (−0.25, 0.82) | 0.02 | −0.37 (−1.04, 0.30) | −0.02 |
| 2013–2017*Female*Unsure | 0.19 (0.01, 0.37) | 0.06 | 0.05 (−0.16, 0.25) | 0.01 |
| Year*Belief*Parental Education | ||||
| 2013–2017*Liberal*<College degree | −0.27 (−0.47, −0.06) | −0.06 | 0.02 (−0.23, 0.26) | 0.00 |
| 2013–2017*Moderate*<College degree | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.11) | −0.02 | −0.08 (−0.30, 0.15) | −0.02 |
| 2013–2017*Radical*<College degree | −0.73 (−1.30, −0.16) | −0.04 | −0.32 (−0.95, 0.32) | −0.02 |
| 2013–2017*Unsure*<College degree | −0.08 (−0.25, 0.10) | −0.03 | −0.08 (−0.3, 0.13) | −0.02 |
b = unstandardized regression coefficient, β = standardized regression coefficient.
All models adjusted for geographic region, urbanicity, race/ethnicity, GPA, religiosity, and social media use.