Table 1.
Measured values for the different environmental factors studied on the Exposure Facility aboard the ISS (Kawaguchi et al., 2020), the equator of Mars (Kminek and Bada, 2006; Cortesão et al., 2021), and Earth's surface (Shahbazi-Gahrouei et al., 2013; Merino et al., 2019).
| Environmental factor | Exposure facility ISS (LEO) | Mars (at equator) | Earth's surfacea |
|---|---|---|---|
| UV Fluence | 124−177 MJ/m2/year | ~50 J/m2 | - |
| Ionizing Radiation | 232 ± 5 mGy/year | ~200 mGy/year | ~200 mGy/year |
| Temperature Range | 29 ± 5~−42 ± 5°C | 20~−73°C | 495~−98.6°C b |
| Pressure Range | 10−4~10−7 Pa | 500~1000 Pa | 0.1~112 MPa |
a
These parameters apply for all the planet, but are not specific to a certain region.
b
In absence of geothermal influence, the highest surface temperature reported on Earth is ~71°C (Mildrexler et al., 2011).