Table 3:
Overview of the cytotoxicity of 2D nanoclays
| 2D nanomaterial | Synthesis | Sizes | Functionalization | Cell viability | Maximum conc. tested | Tested on | Assays used | Applications | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silicate nanoparticles | Dissociation in deionized water | 25-50nm diameter, 11.5nm thickness | - | >75% | 100μg/ml | hMSCs | MTT assay | 185 | |
| Copper/manganese silicate nanospheres | Hydrothermal process | 25nm size, 10nm thickness | Cancer cell membrane coated | >60% | 200μg/ml | NHDF cells | CCK-8 assay | Synergistic therapy with increased ROS production for hypoxia relief and glutathione reduction | 311 |
| Montmorillonite | Intercalation | - | Cetylpyridinium chloride | >70% | - | NIH-3T3, Ca9-22 cells | WST-1 assay | Antimicrobial activity due to release of cetylpyridinium chloride | 312 |
| Allophane | H2O2 purification | ~5nm diameter | - | >70% | 316μg/ml | A549 cells | WST-1 assay | 313 | |
| Kaolinite nanotubes | DMSO-assisted ultrasonic irradiation | 50-600nm length, 10-50nm diameter | 5-fluorouracil | >95% | 100μg/ml | L929 cells | MTT assay | Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil for chemotherapy applications | 314 |
| Halloysite | - | ~300nm length | Octadecyltri methoxysilane | >90% | 250μg/ml | A549 cells | MTT assay | 315 |