Table 3.

Risk of Retinopathy and the Duration and Dose of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium

	Overall	PPS-Retinopathy (n=33)	No PPS-Retinopathy (n=115)	P-value	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Duration of PPS
>5 years	60%	85% (28)	53% (61)	0.0011	4.96 (1.87–12.4)
>10 years	34%	61% (20)	27% (31)	0.0007	4.17 (1.82–9.56)
>15 years	20%	39% (13)	14% (16)	0.0024	4.02 (1.69–9.50)
>20 years	10%	27% (9)	5% (6)	0.0009	6.81 (2.19–21.7)
Cumulative Dose of PPS
>500g	61%	88% (29)	53% (61)	0.002	6.42 (2.19–17.7)
>1000g	44%	79% (26)	34% (39)	<0.0001	7.24 (2.82–18.0)
>1500g	28%	58% (19)	20% (23)	<0.0001	5.43 (2.27–12.7)
>2000g	15%	27% (9)	11% (13)	0.048	2.94 (1.18–7.55)

Notes: There was an increased risk of developing PPS-associated retinopathy after 5 years of use and over 500g of PPS.