Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients experiencing intensive rhino-sino-orbital and cerebral mucormycosis after undergoing treatment for COVID-19, India.
| Characteristic | No. case-patients, n = 178 |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| Age, y, median (range) | 51 (42–60) |
| Age group | |
| <18 | 1 (1) |
| 18–45 | 52 (29) |
| 45–65 | 103 (58) |
| >65 |
22 (12) |
| Sex | |
| M | 125 (70) |
| F |
53 (30) |
| Underlying illness | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |
| Previously diagnosed | 88 (49) |
| Newly diagnosed | 44 (25) |
| Hypertension | 48 (27) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (3) |
| Cardiomyopathy | 4 (2) |
| Asthma | 2 (1) |
| HIV |
1 (1) |
| COVID-19 characteristics† | |
| Moderate COVID-19 | 122 (77) |
| Mild COVID-19 | 29 (18) |
| Severe COVID-19 | 8 (5) |
| Hospitalization, d, median (IQR) | 10 (8–15) |
| Required oxygenation | 103 (69) |
| Required ventilator support | 5 (4) |
| Received intravenous steroids | 82 (67) |
| Received oral steroids | 12 (17) |
| Received antimicrobial drugs |
95 (98) |
| Symptoms of mucormycosis | |
| Facial pain | 132 (74) |
| Headache | 96 (54) |
| Nasal congestion | 79 (44) |
| Nasal discharge | 57 (32) |
| Vision impairment | 66 (37) |
| Time from COVID-19 diagnosis to mucormycosis symptom onset, d (IQR) |
28 (15–45) |
| Vital signs | |
| Temperature, °F, median (IQR) | 98 (98–98.6) |
| Heart rate >100 beats/min | 4 (2) |
| Heart rate, beats/min, median (IQR) | 88 (86–90) |
| Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min | 29 (16) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min, median (IQR) | 16 (12–18) |
| Median BP, systolic, mm Hg | 123 (120–128) |
| Median BP, diastolic, mm Hg | 80 (80–86) |
*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. BP, blood pressure; COVID-19, coronavirus disease; IQR, interquartile range. †These characteristics represent diagnosis and treatment provided for COVID-19 prior to mucormycosis events.