Table 1.
EF in patients with CN injury.
| Study | Model | Regulation; mode of administration | Time point of evaluation | Functional or molecular outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 Bavetta S, Hamlyn PJ, et al. | (rat) | FK506 | 12 weeks | Spared axons in the dorsal column |
| 2001 Sezen SF, Hoke A, et al. | (rat) | FK506 | 14 days | Enhanced preservation of penile innervation |
| 2002 Kershen RT, Yoo JJ, et al. | (mouse) | Reconstitution of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle | 24 days | Maintenance of the smooth muscle phenotype confirmed |
| 2006 Bella AJ, Lin G, Tantiwongse K, et al. | (rat) | Upregulation of penile iNOS | 48 hours | Increased sensitivity of nitrinergic cavernosal tissue |
| 2006 Hayashi N, Minor TX, et al. | (rat) | FK1706 | 8 weeks | Restored axon shape and staining patterns |
| 2007 Valentine H, Chen Y, et al. | (rat) | FK506 | 7 days | Improved ICP to CNE |
| 2011 Fricker FR, Lago N, et al. | (mouse) | Ninjurin-1 | 2 months | NRG1-deficient axons found to regenerate at a slower rate |
| 2011 Ji C, Min F, et al. | (MDSC) | Tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum with muscle-derived stem cells | 6 months | Extracted all cellular components while preserving the original collagen fibres |
| 2013 Lasker GF, Pankey EA, et al. | (rat) | Rho-kinase inhibitor azaindole-1 | 2 hours | Improved ICP to CNE |
| 2013 Yin GN, Kim WJ, et al. | (mouse) | Ninjurin-1 | 7 days | Improved ICP to CNE |
| 2015 Burnett AL, Sezen SF, et al. | (rat) | GGF2 | 5 weeks | Schwann cells increased |
| 2015 Cho MC, Park K, et al. | (rat) | Rho-kinase inhibitors | 4 weeks | Decreased smooth muscle-to-collagen ratio |
| 2015 Song SH, Park K, et al. | (rat) | Rho-kinase/LIM kinase/Cofilin | 4 weeks | Reduced ICP to CNE |
| 2016 Haahr MK, Jensen CH, et al. | Post RP ED men | Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells | 24 months | Recovered erectile function |
| 2017 Campbell JD, Burnett AL. | (rat) | Upregulation of eNOS | 21 days | Improved ICP to CNE |
| 2017 Ding Z, Shen X, et al. | (rat) | Rho-associated kinase | — | Improved ICP to CNE |
| 2017 Gao W, He X, et al. | (rat) | FK1706 | 4 months | Higher S100β and GAP43 |
| 2017 Uvin P, Albersen M, et al. | Post RP ED men | Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 | — | Relaxation of corpus cavernosum in tissue strips |
| 2018 Park J, Cho SY, et al. | (rat) | Inhibiting LIM-kinase2 | 1 week | Improved ICP to CNE |
| 2020 Yang Q, Chen W, et al. | (rat) | Adipose tissue-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells | 1 month | Improved ICP to CNE |