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. 2021 Dec 27;19:451. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01192-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Characterization of the Pc/C5A@EV coassembly. a Representative TEM micrographs for EVs and Pc/C5A@EVs. Scale bar, 200 nm. b Zeta potential detection of EVs (black) and Pc/C5A@EVs (red). c Measurement of the size distribution of EVs (black) and Pc/C5A@EVs (red) by NTA. d Western blot analysis of GM130 and EV-specific biomarkers in EVs and Pc/C5A@EVs. e Quantitative fluorescence intensity analysis of the images in f (n = 5; ^** P < 0.01 compared with Pc/C5A; ^### P < 0.05 compared with Pc/C5A@EVs). f Fluorescence images of free Pc (10 µM), Pc/C5A (10 and 20 µM, respectively), Pc/C5A@EVs (10 and 20 µM of Pc and C5A, respectively; MSC-EVs, 100 µg), Pc + EVs (10 µM of Pc mixed with 100 µg of MSC-EVs without ultracentrifugation), and Pc/C5A + EVs (10 and 20 µM of Pc and C5A, respectively, and mixed with 100 µg of MSC-EVs without ultracentrifugation) in serum. g The stability of Pc/C5A@EVs in PBS at various time points measured by UV–Vis spectrometry. h, i The zeta potential and mean size changes of Pc/C5A@EVs incubated in PBS and PBS with 10% FBS for 72 h (n = 5)