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. 2021 Dec 27;19:451. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01192-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Pc/C5A@EVs induced M2 macrophage transition in hypoxic kidneys. a Immunofluorescence staining images of F4/80 (red), iNOS (green) and CD206 (green) in kidney tissues of different groups. DAPI: blue. Scale bar = 100 µm. b Quantitation of F4/80⁺ areas of kidney tissues. c Quantitative analysis of the M1-to-M2 ratio in kidney tissues. d–f Flow cytometry analysis showing the percentages of M1 (CD86⁺CD206⁻, (d) or M2 (CD206⁺CD86⁻, (e) Phenotypes in RAW 264.7 cells from different groups (n = 4, ^**P < 0.01 compared with PBS; ^# P < 0.05 compared with Pc/C5A). g–j The mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory gene IL-10 (g), pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α (h), MCP-1 (i) and IL-1β (j) in RAW264.7 cells from different groups (n = 3; ^* P < 0.05 compared with PBS; ^**P < 0.01 compared with PBS; ^#P < 0.05 compared with Pc/C5A; ^##P < 0.01 compared with Pc/C5A). k HIF-1α expression in different groups detected by Western blot. l p-p65 and p65 expression in different groups detected by Western blot. m Flow cytometry analysis showing the ratio of M1 (CD86⁺CD206⁻)/M2 (CD206⁺CD86⁻) in RAW 264.7 cells from different groups