Table 1.
List of clinical trials involving CAR-T and GBM
| Molecular Target | CAR T-cell therapy | Phase | Estimated enrollment | Clinical trial reference number | CAR-T cell dosage | Status | Location | Estimated primary completion date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B7-H3 | Pilot study of B7-H3 CAR-T in treating patients with recurrent and refractory glioblastoma | 1 | 12 | NCT04385173 | Three intratumoral or intracerebroventricular injectionsof CAR-T at two doses in between temozolomide cycles | Recruiting | Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China | May, 2022 |
| B7-H3 CAR-T for recurrent or refractory glioblastoma | 1/2 | 40 | NCT04077866 | Three intratumoral or intracerebroventricular injectionsof CAR-T at two doses in between temozolomide cycles | Recruiting | Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China | June, 2024 | |
| Chlorotoxin (CLTX) | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with a cholrotoxin tumor-targeting domain for the treatment of MPP2+ recurrent or progressive glioblastoma. NCT04214392 | 1 | 36 | NCT04214392 | Three weekly cycles of one or two CAR-Tcell infusions | Recruiting | City of Hope Medical Center, CA, United States | February, 2023 |
| HER2 | Intracerebral EGFR-vIII CAR-T cells for recurrent GBM | 1 | 24 | NCT03283631 | Starting doseof 2.5 × 108 CAR-T cellsper intracerebral infusion, with doses escalated in successive cohorts | Suspended | Duke University Medical Center, NC, United States | December, 2021 |
| Memory-enriched T cells in treating patients with recurrent or refractory grade III–IV glioma | 1 | 42 | NCT03389230 | Memory-enriched T cells lentivirally transduced to express a HER2-specific, hinge-optimized, 41BB-costimulatory chimeric receptor and a truncated CD19 | Recruiting | City of Hope Medical Center, CA, United States | December, 2023 | |
| EphA2 | CAR-T cell immunotherapy for EphA2 positive malignant glioma patients | 1 / 2 | 0 | NCT02575261 | Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for EphA2 | Withdrawn | Central Laboratory in Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangdong, China | N/A |
| GD2 | C7R-GD2.CAR T cells for patients with GD2-expressing brain tumors (GAIL-B) | 1 | 34 | NCT04099797 | Intravenous injection of between 1 × 107–1 × 108 CAR-T cells with or without lymphodepletion chemotherapy | Recruiting | Baylor College of Medicine, TX, United States | February, 2023 |
| CD147 | CD147-CART cells in patients with recurrent malignant glioma | 1 | 31 | NCT04045847 | Intracavity injection of CAR-T cells, once per week for three weeks | Recruiting | National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology Xi’an, Shaanxi, China | October, 2020 |
| CAR T-cell therapy in combination with chemotherapy | ||||||||
| EGFRvIII | Immunogene-modified T (IgT) cells against glioblastoma multiforme | 1 | 20 | NCT03170141 | Immunogene-modified Antigen-specific T (IgT) cells. Non-myeloablative chemotherapy consisting of fludarabine and/or cyclophosphamide, followed by intravenous infusion of autologous IgT cells. A standard 3 + 3 escalation approach will be used to obtain the safe dosage of IgT cells. The tested IgT cell dosage ranges from 0.5 × 105/kg to 2.5 × 107/kg | Enrolling by invitation | Shenzhen Geno-immune Medical Institute, Guangdong, China | December, 2022 |
| CAR T-cell therapy in combination with immune check point inhibitors | ||||||||
| IL13Ra2 | IL13Ralpha2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with or without nivolumab and ipilimumab in treating patients with recurrent or refractory glioblastoma | 1 | 60 | NCT04003649 | Intravenous administration of nivolumab and ipilimumab followed by intracranial-intraventricular/intracranial-intraventricular infusion of CAR-T cells. Up to four cycles | Recruiting | City of Hope Medical Center, CA, United States | December, 2022 |
Most recent GBM CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials were searched at www.Clinicaltrials.gov (2010 to present)