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. 2021 Dec 15;15:733056. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.733056

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Copyright © 2021 Fauss, Strain, Huang, Reynolds, Davis, Henwood, West and Grau.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Norepinephrine increased blood pressure in transected but not sham-operated rats. This significant rise did not induce hemorrhage at the injury site. (A) Experimental design and timeline for experiment 3. (B) Sham-operated shocked rats exhibited a rise in systolic blood pressure relative to vehicle-treated shocked animals that were transected. Transected rats that were given NE exhibited the greatest increase in BP. (C) Sham-operated rats exhibited greater heart rate throughout testing. Transected rats that received vehicle exhibited the lowest heart rate throughout the 3 h. (D) Spinally transected animals exhibited higher levels of tail blood flow, relative to sham-operated rats. NE increased tail blood flow in transected, but not sham-operated, rats. (E) Spectrophotometry results at 420 nm for hemoglobin revealed that sham-operated shocked rats exhibited greater absorbance, relative to the transected animals. NE had no effect. (F) Drabkin’s assay and western blot (G) showed a similar pattern. Only sham-operated rats showed an increase in hemoglobin content and expression at the injury site. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 8). An asterisk placed over a group indicates that the group differs from all the others. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM).