Table 2.

Mean Effect Sizes and Q-test of Homogeneity for Each Association.

ER Construct	Substance	K	N	ES	95 % CI	z	p	SE	Q(df)	Fail-safe N
All	All	445	156,025	0.19	0.17 to 0.20	22.51	<.001	0.01	4,148 (444)c	743,765
Negative Overall	Alcohol	79	26,025	0.23	0.19 to 0.26	12.39	<.001	0.02	644.95 (78)c	30,647
	Drugs	38	12,456	0.27	0.19 to 0.35	6.82	<.001	0.04	640.67 (37)c	9,622
	Tobacco	14	3,324	0.19	0.11 to 0.28	4.45	<.001	0.04	74.61 (13)c	533
	Substances	9	1,816	0.25	0.15 to 0.35	4.99	<.001	0.05	41.39 (8)c	331
Negative Non-Accept	Alcohol	26	11,460	0.14	0.09 to 0.18	6.41	<.001	0.02	118.21 (25)c	1,725
	Drugs	5	1,140	0.15	0.04 to 0.26	2.68	.01	0.06	12.89 (4)a	41
	Tobacco	4	1,490	0.24	0.10 to 0.29	3.27	.001	0.07	20.63 (3)c	106
	Substances	7	1,530	0.28	0.16 to 0.40	4.68	<.001	0.06	31.05 (6)c	278
Negative Goals	Alcohol	25	11,228	0.15	0.11 to 0.20	6.29	<.001	0.02	140.90 (24)c	1,995
	Drugs	5	1,140	0.16	0.10 to 0.21	5.21	<.001	0.03	4.07 (4)	41
	Tobacco	3	1,365	0.13	−0.06 to 0.33	1.35	.177	0.10	27.06 (2)c	0
	Substances	7	1,530	0.25	0.15 to 0.35	4.83	<.001	0.05	22.71 (6)c	206
Negative Impulse	Alcohol	28	11,747	0.19	0.14 to 0.24	7.46	<.001	0.03	171.26 (27)c	3,835
	Drugs	4	866	0.26	0.11 to 0.41	3.33	<.001	0.08	14.60 (3)b	76
	Tobacco	3	1,365	0.21	0.04 to 0.37	2.40	.02	0.09	19.81 (2)c	61
	Substances	7	1,530	0.38	0.25 to 0.50	5.88	<.001	0.06	31.38 (6)c	524
Negative Strategies	Alcohol	25	11,186	0.18	0.13 to 0.23	6.93	<.001	0.03	148.87 (24)c	2,673
	Drugs	4	866	0.18	0.03 to 0.34	2.27	.02	0.08	12.37 (3)b	35
	Tobacco	3	1,365	0.22	0.03 to 0.41	2.24	.03	0.10	26.25 (2)c	69
	Substances	7	1,530	0.41	0.22 to 0.59	4.33	<.001	0.09	82.79 (6)c	621
Clarity	Alcohol	25	11,036	0.18	0.12 to 0.23	5.83	<.001	0.03	191.27 (24)c	2,651
	Drugs	6	1,293	0.12	−0.01 to 0.25	1.85	.06	0.07	21.06 (5)c	0
	Tobacco	3	1,365	0.12	0.03 to 0.22	2.60	.01	0.05	6.18 (2)a	21
	Substances	7	1,530	0.17	−0.01 to 0.36	1.89	.06	0.09	52.87 (6)c	0
Awareness	Alcohol	19	9,142	0.09	0.07 to 0.11	8.83	<.001	0.01	30.84 (18)a	471
	Drugs	4	713	0.07	−0.01 to 0.14	1.72	.08	0.04	1.19 (3)	0
	Tobacco	2	938	0.08	0.01 to 0.14	2.33	.02	0.03	0.91 (1)	3
	Substances	5	944	0.10	0.04 to 0.17	3.17	.002	0.03	3.67 (4)	13
Positive Overall	Alcohol	8	3,079	0.24	0.15 to 0.32	5.47	<.001	0.04	45.45 (7)c	533
	Drugs	6	2,089	0.28	0.23 to 0.33	10.64	<.001	0.03	7.42 (5)	356
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Positive Non-Accept	Alcohol	5	1,790	0.20	0.04 to 0.36	2.45	.01	0.08	48.46 (4)c	148
	Drugs	3	880	0.19	0.01 to 0.37	2.06	.04	0.09	15.67 (2)c	34
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Positive Goals	Alcohol	5	1,790	0.24	0.10 to 0.38	3.35	<.001	0.07	43.52 (4)c	195
	Drugs	3	880	0.24	0.17 to 0.30	6.99	<.001	0.03	0.27 (2)	52
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Positive Impulse	Alcohol	5	1,790	0.25	0.11 to 0.39	3.60	<.001	0.07	38.03 (4)c	222
	Drugs	3	880	0.23	0.10 to 0.36	3.53	<.001	0.07	7.92 (2)a	51
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Adaptive Strategies	Alcohol	12	3,801	−0.20	−0.27 to −0.13	−5.52	<.001	0.04	46.38 (11)c	603
	Drugs	3	1,439	−0.04	−0.12 to 0.02	−1.32	.19	0.03	3.10 (2)	0
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Reappraisal	Alcohol	8	2,485	−0.17	−0.27 to −0.06	−3.16	.002	0.05	33.38 (7)c	159
	Drugs	3	1,439	−0.04	−0.11 to 0.02	−1.32	.19	0.03	3.10 (2)	0
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Maladaptive Strategies	Alcohol	12	3,801	0.18	0.06 to 0.30	3.01	.003	0.06	160.76 (11)c	442
	Drugs	2	1,286	−0.01	−0.09 to 0.07	−0.25	.80	0.04	2.05 (1)	0
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances
Suppression	Alcohol	8	2,485	0.07	−0.04 to 0.18	1.18	.24	0.06	44.31 (7)c	0
	Drugs	2	1,286	−0.01	−0.09 to 0.07	−0.25	.80	0.04	2.05 (1)	0
	Tobacco	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Substances	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Note. - denotes that fewer than two studies examined this association and thus no statistics could be calculated.

^ap < .05;

^bp < .01;

^cp < .001