Figure 5.

TAS2R16 activation represses LPS-induced intracellular cAMP accumulation. (A) Intracellular cAMP levels of HGF treated with LPS or vehicle. Each circle represents a datum from one well (n=6). (B) Intracellular cAMP levels of siCTRL and siTAS2R16 HGFs treated with salicin or vehicle control in the absence of LPS. Each circle represents a datum from one well (n=4). (C) In the left panel, data are presented as intracellular cAMP levels of siCTRL and siTAS2R16 HGFs treated with LPS or LPS+salicin. In the right panel, results are presented as fold change of cAMP levels in LPS+salicin treated group relative to LPS treated group. Each circle represents a datum from one well (n=6). (D) Representative Western blot images for p65 phosphorylation in HGFs treated with LPS, salicin, and forskolin. (E) The normalized ratio of p65-ser²⁷⁶ to p65. Each circle represents an independent experiment (n=5). (F) mRNA expression level of IL-8 in HGFs treated with LPS, salicin and forskolin. Each circle represents a sample. LPS 5 µg/mL, salicin 2 mM, and forskolin 5 µM in each figure. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Comparisons between different groups in (B, E), and the left panel in (C) were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. In (A, F), and the right panal in (C), the comparisons were performed by unpaired t-test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s., not significant.