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. 2021 Dec 15;12:767333. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767333

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Copyright © 2021 Gao, Yan, Zhou, Wang, Sai, Fu, Liu and Ding.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of puerarin on HFD/CUMS-induced small intestine mucosa. (A) Pathological damage of the small intestine was detected by H&E staining. indicates the thickness from the serosa to muscularis; shows that the villi were swollen and broken, and the arrangement of the lamina propria cells was completely disordered; indicates that the serosal layer was loosely arranged or fell off from the muscle layer. The magnification was 100 ×. The protein expression of TLR4 (B), occludin (C), and claudin-1 (D) was analyzed by Western blotting. β-actin was used as the internal reference. The densitometry was quantified using ImageJ software. The mRNA levels of TLR4 (E), occludin (F), and claudin-1 (G) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. β-actin was used as the housekeeping gene. Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 3 for Western blotting and n = 4 for real-time RT-PCR). ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. the normal control group; ^* p < 0.05 and ^** p < 0.01 vs. the HFD/CUMS group.

Inline graphic — Effect of puerarin on HFD/CUMS-induced small intestine mucosa. (A) Pathological damage of the small intestine was detected by H&E staining. indicates the thickness from the serosa to muscularis; shows that the villi were swollen and broken, and the arrangement of the lamina propria cells was completely disordered; indicates that the serosal layer was loosely arranged or fell off from the muscle layer. The magnification was 100 ×. The protein expression of TLR4 (B), occludin (C), and claudin-1 (D) was analyzed by Western blotting. β-actin was used as the internal reference. The densitometry was quantified using ImageJ software. The mRNA levels of TLR4 (E), occludin (F), and claudin-1 (G) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. β-actin was used as the housekeeping gene. Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 3 for Western blotting and n = 4 for real-time RT-PCR). ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. the normal control group; ^* p < 0.05 and ^** p < 0.01 vs. the HFD/CUMS group.