Table 3.
Abundance and physicochemical characteristics of MNPs in terrestrial habitats.
| Sample/ study region | MNPs abundance | MNPs shape | MNPs size | Method | Composition | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetable farmland Wuhan, China |
320–12,560 particles/kg | Fibers Microbeads |
<0.2–5 mm | Micro-Raman spectroscopy | PA PP |
Chen et al. (2020b) |
| Agricultural fields Mellipilla, Chile |
1,100–3,500 particles/kg | Fibers (97%), Pellets Films |
<2 mm | Stereo microscope | Acrylic Polyester Nylon LDPE PVC |
Corradini et al. (2019) |
| Agricultural soil Shaanxi, China |
1,430–3,410 particles/kg | Fibers Granules |
<5 mm | FTIR | PET PP PS PVC HDPE |
Ding et al. (2020a) |
| Soil of industrial area Sydney, Australia |
300 mg·kg−1–67,500 mg·kg−1 | NA | 20–40 μm | FTIR | PVC PE PS |
Fuller and Gautam (2016) |
| Vegetated wetland Washington, USA |
7,387–47,047 m−2 | Fibers Fragments |
<75 μm–5 mm | FTIR | PS PE Synthetic rubber |
Helcoski et al. (2020) |
| Agricultural soil Xinjiang, China |
80.3–1075.6 particles/kg | Films | <5 mm | μ-FTIR | PE | Huang et al. (2020) |
| Agriculture soil Nanjing and Wuxi, China |
420–1,290 particles/kg | Fibers (38.9–65.1%) Fragment |
0.02–0.25 mm | Stereo microscope | PE PP |
Li et al. (2019) |
| Sludge samples Nanjing, China |
5,553–13,460 particles/kg | Fibers (75.8–88.8%) | 0.02–0.25 mm | Stereo microscope | PE PET PAN |
Li et al. (2019) |
| Vegetable farmland Shanghai, China |
136.6–256.7 particles/kg | Fibers 54 Films 7 Fragments 38 Granules |
0.03–4.76 mm | μ-FTIR | PE PP |
Liu et al. (2019d) |
| Farmland Franconia, Germany |
0–1.25 particles/kg | Films (43.75%), Fragments (43.75%), Fibers |
1–5 mm | FTIR | PE PP PS |
Piehl et al. (2018) |
| Floodplain soils Switzerland |
593 particles/kg | NA | <500 μm–5 mm | FTIR | PE PP PS PVC |
Scheurer and Bigalke (2018) |
| Agricultural soil Spain |
930–1,100 particles/kg | Fragment (80%) Fibers Films |
150–250 μm | μFTIR | PP PVC |
van den Berg et al. (2020) |
| Sewage sludge Spain |
18,000–32,070 particles/kg | Fragment (80%) Fibers Films |
NA | μFTIR | PP PVC |
van den Berg et al. (2020) |
| Farmland Heilongjiang, China |
800 particles/kg | NA | 0.05–5 mm | NA | LDPE | Zhang et al. (2020a) |
| Vegetable farmland Wuhan, China |
22,000–690,000 particles/kg | Fragment (52%) Bead (14%) Fibers (13.8%) |
10–500 μm | Stereo microscope | PE PP PS PA PVC |
Zhou et al. (2019) |