Figure 5.

Reductions in sputum and plasma immunomodulatory proteins in response to short-term reduction in e-cigarette use. A: IL-1RA in saliva modestly increased after 2 wk reduction in vaping. B: in sputum, four proteins had diminished levels in the setting of short-term reduced vaping, GRO, IL-1RA, IL-8, and IP-10. C: plasma samples demonstrated reduced levels of TNFβ and VEGF in the circulation of e-cigarette users in response to 2 wk of reduced e-cigarette use. Individual data points are shown with the mean and 95% CI. Statistical analysis was conducted with two-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons by controlling the false discovery rate, using the two-stage step-up method of Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli. *P = 0.02, #P = 0.03, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001. CI, confidence interval.