Table 5.
Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in plasma
| Control vs. E-cigarette |
Control vs. Reduced Use |
E-cigarette vs. Reduced Use |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/Mean (P Value) | Mean/Mean (P Value) | Mean → Mean (P Value) | |
| Cytokines | |||
| IL-1RA | 313/357 (0.82) | 313/434 (0.54) | 445 → 401 (0.01) |
| IL-7 | 17/8 (0.01) | 17/10 (0.08) | 8 → 10 (0.32) |
| IL-15 | 12/12 (0.95) | 12/13 (0.93) | 13 → 10 (0.01) |
| sCD40L | 367/2,931 (0.01) | 367/1,108 (0.06) | 2479 → 1,149 (0.11) |
| TNFβ | 188/167 (0.83) | 188/200 (0.91) | 204 → 185 (0.01) |
| Chemokines | |||
| Eotaxin | 271/514 (0.001) | 271/443 (0.02) | 513 → 454 (0.20) |
| GRO | 1,166/2,392 (0.04) | 1,166/2,335 (0.04) | 2,459 → 2,493 (0.95) |
| MCP-1 | 397/647 (<0.01) | 397/598 (<0.01) | 634 → 594 (0.22) |
| RANTES | 22,649/69,591 (0.01) | 22,649/48,891 (0.11) | 64,249 → 51,132 (0.49) |
| Growth factors | |||
| EGF | 102/227 (0.03) | 102/159 (0.28) | 221.6 → 155 (0.09) |
| PDGF-AB | 10,887/30,652 (0.02) | 10,887/20,287 (0.27) | 28,168 → 21,189 (0.49) |
Columns represent comparison between the controls (n = 11) and e-cigarette users (n = 16), control and reduced use samples (n = 13), and e-cigarette users with and without reduced use, respectively. Not all e-cigarette users returned for a follow-up visit; therefore, the comparison of levels between e-cigarette users and their reduced use follow-up may have differing means. First two columns included comparison using an unpaired t test between the controls vs. the e-cigarette users; however, the third column was compared using a paired t test between samples from the same subject at a 2-wk follow-up. Bold P value indicates a significant difference by t test (without controlling for multiple comparisons) between the groups mentioned in the heading column. IL-1RA, IL-1 receptor antagonist; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein.