TABLE 11.

Healthcare-associated surveillance: Immediate and long-term solutions proposed by the researcher.

Surveillance systems	Healthcare-associated surveillance
Mechanisms used	• Take daily figures and report them (WHO, 2020b. Surveillance strategies for COVID-19 human infection-Interim guidance, 3-4).
Mechanism objective/purpose	• To allow rapid control: All cases and clusters in health care settings should be investigated and documented for their source and transmission patterns (WHO, 2020b. Surveillance strategies for COVID-19 human infection-Interim guidance, 4).
Data types collected	• The number of COVID-19 cases and deaths amongst health workers (WHO, 2020b. Surveillance strategies for COVID-19 human infection-Interim guidance, 4).
Privacy risks and implications	• Health information is sensitive information (European Data Protection Supervisor, N.D).• A data breach will reveal medical information, conditions as well as medical history pertaining to any other conditions (Beltran-Aroca, 2016).
Preventive mechanisms applied
The researcher proposed immediate solutions	• Limit access to the patient medical record.• Back up records at least twice a week.• Should not share identifiable information with the media organisation, or departments in the hospital without the patient’s consent (Zhang, 2020).
The researcher proposed long term solutions	• Important to use only anonymised data if retaining for research purposes, anonymised data should be used (ICO. N.D. Principle (e): Storage limitation).• Need a global level mechanism/policy to obtain consent from the patients before deciding to use personal information by the authorities for research purposes.