Figure 4.

Surgical procedures for the implantation of DBS and recording electrodes

(A) The bregma and lambda are identified after the skull is cleaned and dried. Scale bars in (A), (C), (D), (E): 2 mm.

(B) Electrode assemblies mounted on the electrode holder of the stereotaxic arm through custom-made adaptors.

(C) Horizontal sites of the DBS, CA1, and ground are determined and marked on the skull.

(D) Small openings that allow electrode insertion are made with a high-speed drill.

(E) Rough skull surface for better cementing contact.

(F) Insertion of DBS, recording, and ground electrodes following coordination.