Table 1. Participant Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Younger children (TARGetKids! cohort) (n = 532 [0% missing]) | |
| Child age, mean (SD), y | 5.9 (2.5) |
| <4 | 140 (26.3) |
| ≥4 | 392 (73.7) |
| Child sex (n = 532 [0% missing]) | |
| Male | 275 (51.7) |
| Female | 257 (48.3) |
| Maternal race or ancestry (n = 463 [13.0% missing]) | |
| Black | 10 (2.2) |
| East Asian | 45 (9.7) |
| European | 319 (68.9) |
| South and Southeast Asian | 38 (8.2) |
| Multiple | 32 (6.9) |
| Othera | 19 (4.1) |
| Self-reported annual household income, $ (n = 504 [5.3% missing]) | |
| 0-39 999 | 13 (2.6) |
| 40 000-79 999 | 59 (11.7) |
| 80 000-149 999 | 154 (30.6) |
| ≥150 000 | 278 (55.2) |
| Previous diagnosis of ASD (n = 492 [7.3%] missing) | |
| Yes | 9 (1.8) |
| No | 483 (98.2) |
| Parent GAD-7 score, mean (SD) (n = 467 [12.2%] missing) | 5.6 (4.4) |
| Parent PHQ-8 score, mean (SD) (n = 467 [12.2%] missing) | 4.1 (4.5) |
| Older children (Spit for Science, SickKids Psychiatry, and POND cohorts) (n = 1494) | |
| Child age, mean (SD), y (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | 11.3 (3.3) |
| Child sex (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | |
| Male | 844 (56.5) |
| Female | 650 (43.5) |
| Self-reported annual household income, $ (n = 1404 [6.0%] missing) | |
| <29 999 | 91 (6.5) |
| 30 000-49 999 | 92 (6.6) |
| 50 000-74 999 | 183 (13.0) |
| 80 000-99 999 | 167 (11.9) |
| 100 000-199 999 | 473 (33.7) |
| >200 000 | 249 (17.7) |
| Choose not to answer | 149 (10.6) |
| Child ancestry (n = 1467 [1.8%] missing) | |
| European | 843 (57.5) |
| Non-European | 268 (18.3) |
| Multiple | 356 (24.3) |
| Previous diagnosis of ASD (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | |
| No | 1257 (84.1) |
| Yes | 237 (15.9) |
| Previous diagnosis of depression (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | |
| No | 1358 (90.9) |
| Yes | 136 (9.1) |
| Previous diagnosis of anxiety (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | |
| No | 918 (61.4) |
| Yes | 576 (38.6) |
| Previous diagnosis of OCD (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | |
| No | 1383 (92.6) |
| Yes | 111 (7.4) |
| Previous diagnosis of ADHD (n = 1494 [0%] missing) | |
| No | 1072 (71.8) |
| Yes | 422 (28.2) |
| Previous diagnosis of any mental health conditions (n = 1494 [0%] missing)b | |
| No | 709 (47.5) |
| Yes | 785 (52.5) |
| Parent, mean (SD) | |
| GAD-7 (n = 1392 [6.8%] missing) | 6.7 (5.1) |
| PHQ-8 (n = 1392 [6.8%] missing) | 7.5 (5.5) |
Abbreviations: ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire.
a
Other includes Indigenous, Latinx, and Middle Eastern ancestries.
b
Mental health conditions include depression, anxiety, OCD, and ADHD.