Table 3:

Results of multivariable linear regression models of immune-mediators with significant associations with baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, race, smoking status, maternal age, or BMI at visit 1. Values are reported as percent change in differences (95% CI) with the specific comparison list. CIs including 0 are non-significant. For example, the coefficient relating baseline 25(OH)D to baseline TGF-β indicates that for a 5-unit increase in baseline 25(OH)D, average baseline TGF-β increased by 6.68%, adjusting for maternal race, smoking status, age and BMI at visit 1. Complete results are presented in Supplemental Table S2 (online).

Baseline Immune-mediators
Covariates	TGF-β	VEGF	IL-10
Baseline 25(OH)D (5-unit increase)	6.68** (2.36, 10.8)	0.52 (−7.70, 8.10)	4.45 (−4.21, 12.4)
Race
Black vs. White	7.89 (−12.9, 24.8)	−23.1 (−76.5, 14.2)	25.8 (−9.98, 49.9)
Black vs. Hispanic	−13.4 (−38.0, 6.88)	23.1 (−8.90, 45.7)	−21.5 (−77.4, 16.8)
White vs Hispanic	−23.1* (−49.7, −1.21)	37.5** (11.9, 55.7)	−63.7* (−138, −12.5)
Smoking status
Current/Former vs. Never	26.9** (10.7, 40.1)	−55.0* (−121, −8.65)	42.1** (14.7, 60.7)

^†p < 0.10

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001