Table 2.

Example of a correction in standard format, reverse-order format, and facts-only frame, as well as an example inference question and belief rating

Correction format	Example
Standard correction	Alcohol promotes sleep
	Alcohol promotes sleep—MYTH
	Alcohol disturbs sleep: Drinking alcohol before bed leads to REM sleep being disrupted. This is followed by abnormally shallow sleep, causing multiple awakenings. The more alcohol consumed prior to sleep, the more pronounced these effects are. So, although alcohol may help the onset of sleep, sleep quality is adversely affected
Reverse-order correction	Alcohol disturbs sleep: Drinking alcohol before bed leads to REM sleep being disrupted. This is followed by abnormally shallow sleep, causing multiple awakenings. The more alcohol consumed prior to sleep, the more pronounced these effects are. So, although alcohol may help the onset of sleep, sleep quality is adversely affected
	It is a MYTH that alcohol promotes sleep
Facts-only frame	Sleep is adversely affected by alcohol
	Sleep is adversely affected by alcohol—FACT
	Alcohol disturbs sleep: Drinking alcohol before bed leads to REM sleep being disrupted. This is followed by abnormally shallow sleep, causing multiple awakenings. The more alcohol consumed prior to sleep, the more pronounced these effects are. So, although alcohol may help the onset of sleep, sleep quality is adversely affected
Inference question	If your insomniac friend told you they were planning on drinking two glasses of wine before bed to help them sleep, would you advise them otherwise? (0, Definitely not – 10, Definitely)
Belief rating	How much do you believe this claim:
	Alcohol promotes sleep (0, Not at all – 10, Very much so)

Note: The myth-only condition was identical to the standard correction, except that the three myths were presented on their own, without any of the three facts