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. 2021 Nov 4;1(12):2100–2120. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00355

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic depiction of the concept of operando modeling. The ML technique significantly accelerates the first-principle calculation and makes a long-term, large-scale, and accurate simulation possible. The operando modeling is aimed to reveal the full catalytic mechanism under operando conditions, within which the catalyst behavior should be described in an experimentally spatiotemporal scale under true reaction conditions with both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects.