Table 4.
Results of the Cox regression to identify independent potential variables influencing overall survival of patients undergoing resection for duodenal adenocarcinoma.
| Characteristics | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio | P-value | Hazard ratio | P-value | |
| Age | 1.33 (0.99–1.79) | 0.058 | ||
| <60 years | ||||
| >60 years | ||||
| Gender | 1.04 (0.77–1.40) | 0.808 | ||
| Male | ||||
| Female | ||||
| Tumor size | 0.94 (0.71–1.26) | 0.697 | ||
| <3 cm | ||||
| >3 cm | ||||
| Tumor location | 1.14 (0.85–1.55) | 0.383 | ||
| Ampullary carcinoma | ||||
| Non-ampullary and papillary adenocarcinomas | ||||
| Differentiation | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 0.304 | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 0.693 |
| Well or moderately differentiated | ||||
| Low or poorly differentiated | ||||
| Histopathological phenotype | 2.96 (2.11–4.15) | <0.01 | 2.97 (1.85–4.77) | <0.0001 |
| Intestinal type | ||||
| Gastric and pancreatobiliary type | ||||
| Perineural invasion | 1.09 (0.76–1.55) | 0.636 | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | 0.338 |
| Present | ||||
| Not present | ||||
| Lymph node metastasis | 54.13 (29.03–100.90) | <0.001 | 6.44 (3.68–11.27) | <0.0001 |
| Positive | ||||
| Negative | ||||
| TNM stage | 3.72 (2.63–5.28) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.52–1.46) | 0.602 |
| I and II | ||||
| III and IV | ||||
| Margin status | 6.72 (3.40–13.27) | <0.01 | 4.94 (2.85–8.54) | <0.0001 |
| Negative | ||||
| Positive | ||||
| Surgery procedure | 2,916.17 (916.3–9,280.5) | <0.0001 | 4.78 (2.59–8.81) | <0.0001 |
| Radical resection | ||||
| Palliative resection | ||||
| Adjuvant therapy | 1.01 (0.75–1.34) | 0.973 | ||
| No | ||||
| Yes | ||||
| IRS2 expression | 1.82 (1.34–2.47) | 0.0001 | .93 (0.61–1.41) | 0.72 |
| Low | ||||
| High | ||||
| ATG12 expression | 4.27 (2.99–6.10) | <0.0001 | 1.89 (1.17–3.06) | 0.0099 |
| Low | ||||
| High | ||||
Analyzed as a continuous variable.