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. 2021 May 25;36:15333175211012235. doi: 10.1177/15333175211012235

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© The Author(s) 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Annual cognitive transition rate for 65 years old and above. Notes: We built a 4-state survival model (MSM) for the cognitive functioning of respondents, including cognitively normal state, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) state, probable dementia state, and death state. The arrows indicate possible instantaneous state-to-state transitions. Respondents can transit between the consecutive state in cognitive decline (successively progressing from cognitively normal to, MCI to, probable dementia to death), revert from MCI to cognitively normal, develop probable dementia from cognitively normal, and transit to death from any state. Numbers expressed as transition rate /1,000 person-year with [95% Confidence Interval].