Table 4.
Convergent validity: Man Box Scale standardized mean summary score and violence perpetration and mental health.
| Dependent variables | Independent variable: Man box scale standardized mean summary score |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S.A |
U.K. |
Mexico |
||||
| OR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | |
| 15-item man box scale | ||||||
| Past month perpetration | ||||||
| Verbal bullying | 2.88 (2.49–3.32) | 2.96 (2.55–3.44) | 2.83 (2.44–3.28) | 2.74 (2.36–3.19) | 1.57 (1.38–1.78) | 1.55 (1.36–1.77) |
| Online bullying | 5.04 (4.17–6.09) | 5.60 (4.58–6.85) | 4.90 (4.05–5.93) | 4.68 (3.86–5.68) | 2.33 (1.97–2.76) | 2.25 (1.90–2.67) |
| Physical bullying | 5.49 (4.51–6.69) | 6.02 (4.88–7.43) | 5.15 (4.24–6.26) | 5.00 (4.10–6.10) | 2.49 (2.10–2.96) | 2.46 (2.06–2.93) |
| Sexual harassment | 4.70 (3.91–5.64) | 5.03 (4.15–6.11) | 5.38 (4.41–6.56) | 5.11 (4.19–6.25) | 2.65 (2.24–3.14) | 1.68 (2.25–3.20) |
| Mental health | ||||||
| PHQ-2 | 1.63 (1.45–1.84) | 1.70 (1.50–1.92) | 1.73 (1.52–1.95) | 1.82 (1.59–2.07) | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 1.23 (1.06–1.42) |
| Suicidal ideation | 2.17 (1.90–2.48) | 2.37 (2.05–2.73) | 2.59 (2.24–2.99) | 2.73 (2.34–3.17) | 1.56 (1.33–1.83) | 1.64 (1.39–1.94) |
| 5-item short form man box scale | ||||||
| Past month perpetration | ||||||
| Verbal bullying | 3.06 (2.64–3.54) | 3.13 (2.69–3.63) | 2.96 (2.56–3.42) | 2.86 (2.47–3.32) | 1.49 (1.31–1.69) | 1.47 (1.30–1.68) |
| Online bullying | 5.38 (4.46–6.50) | 5.88 (4.82–7.18) | 5.34 (4.42–6.45) | 5.18 (4.26–6.29) | 2.44 (2.07–2.86) | 2.37 (2.01–2.80) |
| Physical bullying | 5.55 (4.58–6.73) | 6.01 (4.91–7.36) | 5.08 (4.22–6.12) | 4.96 (4.10–6.00) | 2.54 (2.16–3.00) | 2.52 (2.13–2.98) |
| Sexual harassment | 5.09 (4.23–6.11) | 5.37 (4.44–6.51) | 5.67 (4.66–6.89) | 5.37 (4.41–6.53) | 2.56 (2.18–3.01) | 2.57 (2.18–3.02) |
| Mental health | ||||||
| PHQ-2 | 1.63 (1.45–1.83) | 1.68 (1.49–1.90) | 1.72 (1.53–1.95) | 1.79 (1.58–2.04) | 1.21 (1.06–1.40) | 1.25 (1.08–1.43) |
| Suicidal ideation | 2.23 (1.96–2.54) | 2.39 (2.08–2.74) | 2.78 (2.41–3.21) | 2.89 (2.49–3.36) | 1.62 (1.40–1.89) | 1.69 (1.45–1.98) |
We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the independent variable, 15-item (or 5-item Man Box Scale) standardized mean summary scores, and the dependent variables, past month bullying perpetration (dichotomized to “any” or “none”), as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (dichotomized as not at risk for depression (total score = 0–2) vs. at risk for depression (total score = 3–6)) and suicidal ideation (dichotomized to “any” or “none”). We also calculated odds ratios and 95%CI, adjusting for age, relationship status, employment and sexual orientation (aOR).