TABLE 3.

Association Between Health Status, Psychological Distress, and Sickness Presenteeism

	Age-Sex Adjusted				Multivariate∗
	OR	95% CI		P	OR	95% CI		P
Self-rated health
Very good/good	Reference				Reference
Neither good nor bad	2.81	2.60	3.04	<0.001	2.81	2.60	3.04	<0.001
Bad	11.21	10.25	12.27	<0.001	11.21	10.24	12.28	<0.001
Psychological distress (K6 ≥ 5)	6.14	5.73	6.59	<0.001	6.11	5.70	6.56	<0.001
Have you ever felt alone?
Never	Reference				Reference
A little	2.51	2.30	2.73	<0.001	2.52	2.32	2.74	<0.001
Sometimes	4.30	3.93	4.69	<0.001	4.32	3.95	4.73	<0.001
Usually	6.13	5.45	6.90	<0.001	6.21	5.51	7.00	<0.001
Always	8.17	7.24	9.23	<0.001	8.30	7.34	9.39	<0.001
Do you require consideration or support from your company to continue working in your current health condition?
No	Reference				Reference
Yes, but I have not received support	9.67	8.97	10.42	<0.001	9.57	8.87	10.32	<0.001
Yes and I have received support	2.64	2.38	2.92	<0.001	2.64	2.38	2.92	<0.001

95% CI, 95% confidence interval; K6, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; OR, odds ratio.

^∗The multivariate model was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, job type, equivalized income, and incidence rate of COVID-19 by prefecture.