Figure 2.

PARP inhibitor combination with cytotoxic agents and immunotherapy. The figure illustrates the rationale for combining PARP inhibitors with DNA damaging agents (A) and immunotherapy (B). DNA damaging agents such as cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy increase DNA damage, when DNA repair is impaired by the PARP inhibitor. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the PARP inhibitor can potentially optimize anti-tumor immune response. PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4.