Table 2. Proportion of peer violence perpetration and/or victimization according to adolescent’s level of agency (freedom of movement, voice, and decision-making) by site and gender.
| Kinshasa, DRC | Blantyre, Malawi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No violence (95% CI) (n) | Victim (95% CI) (n) | Perpetrator | Victim and perpetrator (95% CI) (n) | p-value | No violence (95% CI) (n) | Victim (95% CI) (n) | Perpetrator | Victim and perpetrator (95% CI) (n) | p-value | |
| (95% CI) (n) | (95% CI) (n) | |||||||||
| Boys | ||||||||||
| Freedom of movement | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 69.0% | 8.5% | 10.0% | 12.5% | 70.5% | 18.0% | 2.5% | 9.0% | ||
| (64 to 73.4) | (6 to 11.7) | (7.4 to 13.4) | (9.6 to 16.1) | (61.8 to 77.9) | (12.1 to 25.9) | (0.8 to 7.4) | (5.0 to 15.6) | |||
| (276) | (34) | (40) | (50) | (86) | (22) | (3) | (11) | |||
| Tertile 2 | 65.7% | 10.1% | 9.2% | 15.0% | <0.001 | 47.6% | 25.5% | 10.1% | 16.8% | <0.001 |
| (60.2 to 70.8) | (7.2 to 14.1) | (6.4 to 12.9) (28) | (11.4 to19.5) (46) | (40.9 to 54.4) | (20.0 to 31.9) | (6.7 to 15.0) | (12.3 to 22.6) | |||
| (201) | (31) | (99) | (53) | (21) | (35) | |||||
| Tertile 3 | 50.7% | 13.0% | 12.3% | 24.0% | 41.4% | 17.2% | 8.2% | 33.2% | ||
| (46.6 to 54.8) | (10.5 to 16.0) | (9.9 to 15.3) | (20.6 to 27.6) | (35.6 to 47.4) | (13.1 to 22.2) | (5.5 to 12.2) | (27.8 to 39.1) | |||
| (288) | (74) | (70) | (136) | (111) | (46) | (22) | (89) | |||
| Voice | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 66.3% | 10.9% | 11.7% | 11.2% | 50.9% | 17.5% | 9.6% | 22.0% | ||
| (61.5 to 70.7) | (8.2 to 14.4) | (8.9 to 15.2) | (8.4 to 14.6) | (43.5 to 58.2) | (12.6 to 23.9) | (6.0 to 14) | (16.5 to 28.8) | |||
| (267) | (44) | (47) | (15) | (90) | (31) | (17) | (39) | |||
| Tertile 2 | 57.7% | 11.0% | 10.7% | 20.7% | 0.002 | 46.0% | 23.8% | 8.9% | 21.3% | 0.38 |
| (52 to 62.4) | (8.2 to 14.4) | (8.1 to 14.1) | (17.0 to 24.9) | (39.3 to 53.0) | (18.4 to 30.1) | (5.7 to 13.7) | (16.2 to 27.5) | |||
| (237) | (45) | (44) | (85) | (93) | (48) | (18) | (43) | |||
| Tertile 3 | 56.7% | 10.9% | 10.2% | 22.2% | 51.6% | 19.2% | 5.0% | 24.2% | ||
| (52.2 to 61.2) | (8.3 to 14.1) | (7.8 to 13.3) | (18.6 to 26.2) | (45.0 to 58.2) | (14.5 to 25.0) | (2.8 to 8.9) | (19.0 to 30.3) | |||
| (261) | (50) | (47) | (102) | (113) | (42) | (11) | (53) | |||
| Decision-making | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 66.4% | 14.9% | 9.6% | 9.1% | 54.8% | 17.4% | 9.6% | 18.1% | ||
| (61.6 to 70.9) | (11.7 to 18.8) | (7.1 to 12.9) | (6.6 to 12.4) | (47.2 to 62.3) | (12.4 to 24.0) | (6.0 to 15.2) | (12.9 to 24.7) | |||
| (263) | (59) | (38) | (36) | (91) | (29) | (16) | (30) | |||
| Tertile 2 | 59.4% | 9.1% | 12.1% | 19.4% | <0.001 | 47.7% | 23.2% | 8.3% | 20.8% | 0.15 |
| (55.4 to 63.4) | (7.0 to 11.7) | (9.6 to 15.0) | (16.4 to 22.9) | (41.1 to 54.4) | (18.0 to 29.3) | (5.3 to 12.9) | (15.9 to 26.8) | |||
| (340) | (52) | (69) | (111) | (103) | (50) | (18) | (45) | |||
| Tertile 3 | 52.9% | 9.2% | 10.1% | 27.8% | 47.2% | 19.4% | 5.6% | 27.8% | ||
| (47.3 to 58.4) | (6.4 to 12.9) | (7.2 to 14.1) | (23.0 to 33.1) | (41.6 to 53.9) | (14.7 to 25.3) | (3.2 to 9.5) | (22.2 to 34.2) | |||
| (162) | (28) | (31) | (85) | (102) | (42) | (12) | (60) | |||
| Girls | ||||||||||
| Freedom of movement | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 68.7% | 9.4% | 12.0% | 9.9% | 71.3% | 13.8% | 5.5% | 9.5% | ||
| (64.8 to 72.3) | (7.3 to 12.1) | (9.6 to 14.8) | (7.8 to 12.6) | (65.4 to 76.5) | (10.0 to 18.6) | (3.3 to 9.1) | (6.4 to 13.7) | |||
| (408) | (56) | (71) | (59) | (181) | (35) | (14) | (95) | |||
| Tertile 2 | 65.5% | 9.4% | 14.9% | 10.2% | 0.85 | 61.4% | 18.7% | 5.4% | 14.5% | <0.001 |
| (60.6 to 70.1) | (6.9 to 12.8) | (11.7 to 18.8) | (7.5 to 13.6) | (55.1 to 67.4) | (14.2 to 24.1) | (3.2 to 9.1) | (11.0 to 19.6) | |||
| (251) | (36) | (57) | (39) | (148) | (45) | (13) | (35) | |||
| Tertile 3 | 67.5% | 9.3% | 11.8% | 11.4% | 39.2% | 25.0% | 9.2% | 26.7% | ||
| (61.8 to 72.6) | (6.5 to 13.3) | (8.5 to 16.0) | (8.2 to 15.6) | (30.8 to 48.2) | (18.0 to 33.6) | (5.1 to 15.8) | (19.5 to 35.3) | |||
| (195) | (27) | (34) | (33) | (47) | (30) | (11) | (32) | |||
| Voice | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 65.7% | 10.4% | 12.2% | 11.8% | 67.1% | 15.3% | 5.6% | 12.0% | ||
| (61.3 to 69.7) | (8.0 to 13.3) | (9.6 to 15.4) | (9.2 to 15.0) | (60.6 to 73.1) | (11.1 to 20.7) | (3.2 to 9.5) | (8.3 to 17.1) | |||
| (323) | (51) | (60) | (58) | (145) | (33) | (12) | (26) | |||
| Tertile 2 | 65.3% | 9.9% | 15.1% | 9.7% | 0.23 | 52.5% | 24.0% | 7.4% | 16.2% | 0.05 |
| (60.4 to70.0) | (7.4 to 13.3) | (12.0 to 19.0) | (7.1 to 13.0) | (45.6 to 59.2) | (18.6 to 30.4) | (4.5 to 11.9) | (11.7 to 21.9 | |||
| (263) | (40) | (61) | (39) | (107) | (49) | (15) | (33) | |||
| Tertile 3 | 72.2% | 7.6% | 11.1% | 9.2% | 63.6% | 14.4% | 5.6% | 16.4% | ||
| (67.4 to 76.6) | (5.3 to 10.7) | (8.2 to 14) | (6.6 to 12.6) | (56.6 to 70.1) | (10.1 to 20.0) | (3.1 to 9.9) | (11.8 to 22.3) | |||
| (268) | (28) | (41) | (34) | (124) | (28) | (11) | (32) | |||
| Decision-making | ||||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 69.2% | 9.0% | 12.6% | 9.2% | 69.6% | 11.1% | 6.8% | 12.6% | ||
| (64.8 to 73.3) | (6.7 to 12.0) | (9.8 to 16.0) | (6.9 to 12.3) | (62.9 to 75.5) | (7.5 to 16.2) | (4.0 to 11.1) | (8.7 to 17.8) | |||
| (308) | (40) | (56) | (41) | (144) | (23) | (14) | (26) | |||
| Tertile 2 | 71.0% | 9.5% | 10.5% | 9.0% | 0.04 | 57.1% | 21.9% | 5.6% | 15.5% | 0.04 |
| (66.7 to 74.9) | (7.1 to 12.5) | (8.1 to 13.7) | (6.7 to 12.0) | (50.6 to 63.3) | (17.0 to 27.7) | (3.3 to 9.4) | (11.3 to 20.7) | |||
| (330) | (44) | (49) | (42) | (133) | (51) | (13) | (36) | |||
| Tertile 3 | 60.7% | 9.8% | 16.0% | 13.5% | 56.6% | 20.6% | 6.3% | 16.6% | ||
| (55.5 to 65.6) | (7.1 to 13.4) | (12.6 20.2) | (10.3 to 17.5) | (49.1 to 63.8) | (15.2 to 27.2) | (3.5 to 11.0) | (11.7 to 22.9) | |||
| (216) | (35) | (57) | (48) | (99) | (36) | (11) | (29) | |||
Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in peer violence experiences by agency tertiles.
DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo.