Stimulus	Description (duration)	Figure
RF identification	Translating squares	A single 10° × 10° black square moving horizontally or vertically at 60°/s over 40° trajectories. Covers 40° × 40° square area centered about manually localized approximate RF center location with increments of 5°, resulting in 8 columns and 8 rows, each with two opposite directions. (2/3 s)	3C, D, 4E, S4A, L, S5E, F, S6D, E,
Single Cell experiment	Size sweep	A single black vertical or horizontal bar with variable sizes moving at 180°/s for 1/6 s. The lengths of the bar were 5°, 10°, 20°, 40°, 60°, 80°, or the full extent of the screen. The width was fixed at 10°. Horizontal bars moved vertically in both directions and vertical bars horizontally. (1/6 s)	3E, F, 4G, S5G, S6F
	Translating objects	A single 10° × 10° black square translating horizontally at 60°/s. (1 s)	3H, I, K, L, O, 4H–K, N 7E, S4B, C, F, I, S5H, S6G
	Decoupled edges	A single, 10° high black edge appears to the side of the RF center of a cell, extends across the RF center horizontally at 60°/s for 1 s, resulting in a 60° × 10° black bar (OFF edge). The bar remains stationary for 3 s, then the same edge travels back at −60°/s, shrinking and removing the bar (ON edge). (5 s)	3H, I, 4H, I, S4B, F
	Localized square wave gratings	Drifting full-contrast square wave grating with the wavelength of 20° and velocity of 60°/s, presented within a 20° diameter circular aperture at the center of RF. It is presented with or without a background of the same full-contrast square wave, which either remains stationary, moves syn-, or antidirectionally to the central grating. The 20° thick annulus around the central aperture was kept at the mean gray. (2 s)	3K, L, 4J, K, S4C, F
	Local flickers	A single 10° × 10° black square appearing right at the center of RF, either sustainedly presented (noted as 0 Hz) or flickers at various temporal frequencies (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 20 Hz). (2 s)	3M–O, 4L–N, S4D, F, S5H, S6G,
	Six-step apparent motion	A spatially contiguous, horizontal series of six 10° × 10° black squares, centered about the RF center of a cell, appears and disappears one by one for 1/6 s each in sequence. (1 s)	7E, S4I
	Six-step apparent motion (component)	A solitary 10° × 10° black square flashes for 1/6 s at one of the six possible positions in the ‘six-step apparent motion’ stimulus described above. (1/6 s)	7E
Non-single cell experiment	Translating bar	A 10° wide vertical black bar extending the entire height of the screen travels horizontally at 60°/s within the azimuthal range of [−20°, 70°]. (1.5 s)	5B–G, S5D, S6C
	Full-field	Full-contrast square wave gratings with the wavelength of 20°,	5B–G,
	square wave gratings	drifting horizontally or vertically at 60°/s. (2 s)	S5D, S6C
	Full-field flash	Full field, full contrast ON (bright) or OFF (dark) flashes. (2 s)	5B–G, S5D, S6C
	Translating square	A single 10° × 10° black square moving at 60°/s, horizontally sweeping the azimuthal range of [−20°, 70°] at various elevations from −40° to 10° with 10° increments (1.5 s), and vertically sweeping the elevational range of [−40°, 10°] at various azimuths from −20° to 70° (5/6 s). For recordings with GACh3.0, horizontally translating squares were presented only at the elevation of −30° in order to keep experiments short.	6A, B
	Translating square (long interleave)	A single 10° × 10° black square moving at 60°/s, vertically sweeping the elevational range of [−40°, 10°] at various azimuths from −20° to 70° (5/6 s). With long interleaves of 10 s.	6C
	Size sweep	A single black rectangle with 10° height and variable width (10°, 20°, 40°, 60°, full vertical extent) moves horizontally at 60°/s, sweeping the azimuthal range of [−20°, 70°] at various elevations from −40° to 10° with 10° increments (1.5 s). For recordings with GACh3.0, only the elevation of −30° was used in order to keep experiments short.	6E, F
	Local flicker	A single black 10° × 10° square appears at one of the vertices of the 10° resolution grid covering the azimuthal range of [10°, 40°] and the elevational range of [−40°, −10°], either sustained or flickering at 2 Hz (2 s). For recordings with GACh3.0, only the elevation of −30° was used in order to keep experiments short.	6G
	Ten-step apparent motion	A spatially contiguous, horizontal series of ten 10° × 10° black squares, spanning across the azimuthal range of [−20°, 70°] at various elevations from −40° to 10° with 10° increments, appear and disappear one by one for 1/6 s each in sequence (10/6 s). For recordings with GACh3.0, only the elevation of −30° was used in order to keep experiments short.	7D
	Ten-step apparent motion (component)	A single 10° × 10° black square flashes for 1/6 s at one of the fifty possible positions in the ‘apparent motion’ stimulus described above (1/6 s). For recordings with GACh3.0, only the elevation of −30° was used in order to keep experiments short.	7D
Glomerular experiments	Six-step apparent motion	The same six-step apparent motion stimuli as used in single-cell experiment, centered about (azimuth, elevation) = (20°, −20°). (1 s)	7F
	Six-step apparent motion (component)	A single 10° × 10° black square flashes for 1/6 s at one of the six possible positions in the ‘six-step apparent motion’ stimulus described above (1/6 s).	7F
	Translating square	A Single 10° × 10° black square moving horizontally at 60°/s, sweeping the azimuthal range of [−40°, 80°] at the elevation of −20°. (2 s)	6D
Probe	Translating bar	A 10° wide vertical black bar extending the entire height of the screen travels rightward and leftward alternately at 60°/s sweeping the azimuthal range of [−20°, 70°], interleaved with 2 s of mean gray. (7 s)	5, 6A–C, E–G, 7, S5D, S6C
	Drifting square wave gratings	Three seconds of full-contrast square wave gratings with the wavelength of 20°, drifting towards right, left, down, and up at 60°/s, interleaved with 3 s of mean gray. (24 s)	5D
	Translating square	A single 10° × 10° black square moving horizontally at 60°/s, sweeping the azimuthal range of [−40°, 80°] at the elevations of −20°, −30°, and −40°.	6A, B, E–G, 7D
Model only	Size sweep (more sizes)	A single black vertical bar with variable sizes moving rightward at 180°/s for 1/6 s. The lengths of the bar were 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 40°, 60°, 80°, or the full extent of the screen. The width was fixed at 10°. (1/6 s)	4F, G, S4A, F, J, K
	Direction sweep	A single 10° × 10° black square translating at 60°/s in 8 different directions, at 45° angular resolution. (1 s)	S4G
	Velocity sweep	A single 10° × 10° black square translating horizontally for 60° at either 10°/s, 20°/s, 30°/s, 60°/s, 120°/s, or 240°/s. (1/4 – 6 s)	S4H
	Scrambled apparent motion	A spatially contiguous, horizontal series of six 10° × 10° black squares, centered about the RF center of a cell, appears and disappears one by one for 1/6 s each in a scrambled yet deterministic sequence of [1, 4, 2, 6, 3, 5]. (1 s)	S4I