Table 3.

Teacher interview coding

Coding themes *italics = refinement made to the theme after coding round 1; refinement made after coding round 2		Round 1 1 = agreed for both interviews; 0(X) = disagreed for 1 of the interviews or both	Round 2
Teaching strategies with OER to facilitate self-directed learning	Interleaving other OER	0 (1)	1
	Tutorial videos	1	1
	Using logged data to assess learning, give individualized feedback on student work, have students revise	1	1
	Using logged data: using student work to personalize a group, individual or class discussion	1	1
	Using authoring system to customize the WISE unit	1	1
Teacher reported OER Features that Promoted self-directed learning	Students experiment with interactive models, test ideas in interactive activities	1	0 (1)
	Students use guidance to evaluate and revise: Reflecting on what they know, integrating evidence, reformulating understanding; monitoring their progress	0 (both)	0 (1)
	Student led activity structures that motivate agency such as taking action in a societal issue; solve complex problems; engage in multiple ways of learning such as hands-on design, writing, analyzing videos	0 (both)	1
	Targets NGSS goals or other science topic that was not covered by the school adopted science text, aligned with a topic they wanted or planned to teach	0 (1)	0 (1)
Challenges of using OER for self-directed learning and suggested improvements	Low participation due to limited computers, internet, or parental support, or encountered other technical issues	0 (1)	1
	Assessment using logged data only, missed other indicators like discussion	0 (both)	0 (1)
	Student engagement, lack of motivation	0 (1)	1
	Need for just in time scaffolding, in-person verbal clarification, or teacher guidance while working	0 (1)	0 (1)