TABLE 1.

Clinical avoidance of poor ECM remodeling after grafting.

Method	Principle	References
Up-regulate the level of inflammation in the recipient area or supplement the transplanted recipient area with an adequate number of macrophages in the early stage	Macrophage mediated inflammation enhances the ECM protein synthesis in the early-stage	Wang et al. (2020); Phipps et al. (2015)
Down-regulate the level of inflammation in the recipient area or deplete the macrophages in the transferred fat in the later stage	Depletion of macrophages relieved the fibrosis in the transferred fat during the late-stage	Keophiphath et al. (2009); Kumar et al. (2018); Schnoor et al. (2008); Spencer et al. (2010); Anghelina et al. (2006); Wang et al. (2020); Cai et al. (2017)
Injections should not be performed without cannula movement, and the injection speed should not exceed 0.1ml/1 cm of cannula movement	Ideal revascularization depends on the graft-to-recipient interface not exceeding a maximum of 1.6 mm	Khouri and Khouri, (2017); Eto et al. (2012); Pu, (2012); Abu-Ghname et al. (2019); Khouri et al. (2014b); Khouri et al. (2014a)
Adipose-derived stem cells ASCs - assisted lipotransfer	ASCs - assisted lipotransfer can promote vascular ingrowth and accelerates revascularization between donor and recipient tissues	Yoshimura et al. (2008); Yoshimura et al. (2010); Kølle et al. (2013); Hong et al. (2018); Yoshimura et al. (2020); Marks et al. (2017)
The fat fraction in the lower liposuction high-quality fat is recommended as a suitable alternative for implantation	High-quality fat contains more ECM, ASCs, and higher anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis fat factors	Allen et al. (2013); Qiu et al. (2016); De Francesco et al. (2017); Guan et al. (2020)
Apply External volume expansion EVE on the recipient area pre-operation and post-operation	EVE can enhance tissue vascularity, induce matrix deposition, increase adipose ECM’s stiffness, regulate ASC proliferation and differentiation via shifting ECM synthesis from fibronectin to laminin	Heit et al. (2012); Lancerotto et al. (2013); Chin et al. (2016); Khouri et al. (2000); Zhang et al. (2020)