Table 1.
Preoperation and intraoperative information.
| Variable | All (n = 1,488) | None complication group (n = 1,433) | Complication group (n = 55) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,488 | 1,433 | 55 | ||
| Gender, n (%) | Female | 907 (60.95) | 873 (60.92) | 34 (61.82) | 0.994 |
| Male | 581 (39.05) | 560 (39.08) | 21 (38.18) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 52.69 (10.36) | 52.44 (10.24) | 59.00 (11.44) | <0.001 | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.84 (3.39) | 22.85 (3.39) | 22.55 (3.45) | 0.541 | |
| Blood group, n (%) | A | 494 (33.20) | 474 (33.08) | 20 (36.36) | 0.436 |
| AB | 125 (8.40) | 123 (8.58) | 2 (3.64) | ||
| B | 350 (23.52) | 334 (23.31) | 16 (29.09) | ||
| O | 519 (34.88) | 502 (35.03) | 17 (30.91) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 1 | 765 (51.41) | 734 (51.22) | 31 (56.36) | 0.541 |
| LV dilatation, n (%) | 1 | 653 (43.88) | 633 (44.17) | 20 (36.36) | 0.314 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0 | 1,259 (84.61) | 1,217 (84.93) | 42 (76.36) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 100 (6.72) | 88 (6.14) | 12 (21.82) | <0.001 | |
| 2 | 60 (4.03) | 59 (4.12) | 1 (1.82) | <0.001 | |
| 3 | 69 (4.64) | 69 (4.82) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 | 1,433 (96.30) | 1,378 (96.16) | 55 (100.00) | 0.334 |
| I type | 14 (0.94) | 14 (0.98) | 0 (0.00) | 0.334 | |
| II type | 41 (2.76) | 41 (2.86) | 0 (0.00) | 0.334 | |
| Anemia, n (%) | 1 | 481 (32.33) | 460 (32.10) | 21 (38.18) | 0.424 |
| Drug for anemia, n (%) | 1 | 5 (0.34) | 4 (0.28) | 1 (1.82) | 0.172 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1 | 1,485 (99.80) | 1,430 (99.79) | 55 (100.00) | 1 |
| Mechanical valve, n (%) | 1 | 1,082 (72.72) | 1,056 (73.69) | 26 (47.27) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valvuloplasty, n (%) | 1 | 160 (10.75) | 155 (10.82) | 5 (9.09) | 0.854 |
| Biological valve, n (%) | 1 | 235 (15.79) | 211 (14.72) | 24 (43.64) | <0.001 |
| NYHA, n (%) | 1.0 | 24 (1.70) | 23 (1.66) | 1 (3.23) | <0.001 |
| 2.0 | 286 (20.21) | 282 (20.38) | 4 (12.90) | <0.001 | |
| 3.0 | 971 (68.62) | 955 (69.00) | 16 (51.61) | <0.001 | |
| 4.0 | 134 (9.47) | 124 (8.96) | 10 (32.26) | <0.001 | |
| ASA, n (%) | 1 | 22 (1.48) | 5 (0.35) | 17 (30.91) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 75 (5.04) | 62 (4.33) | 13 (23.64) | <0.001 | |
| 3 | 1,046 (70.30) | 1,030 (71.88) | 16 (29.09) | <0.001 | |
| 4 | 345 (23.19) | 336 (23.45) | 9 (16.36) | <0.001 | |
| Op time (min), median [Q1,Q3] | 225.00 [190.00, 265.00] |
221.00 [190.00, 263.00] |
291.50 [240.00, 350.00] |
<0.001 | |
| CPB time (min), median [Q1,Q3] | 93.00 [74.00, 118.00] |
93.00 [73.75, 117.00] |
117.00 [89.50, 149.50] |
<0.001 | |
| Aortic cross clamp time (min), median [Q1,Q3] | 59.00 [43.25, 80.00] |
58.00 [43.00, 79.00] |
72.00 [59.00, 95.00] |
<0.001 | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass precharge (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 1600.00 [1505.00, 1762.50] |
1600.00 [1505.00, 1800.00] |
1600.00 [1600.00, 1600.00] |
0.103 | |
| Blood loss op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 600.00 [420.00, 600.00] |
600.00 [450.00, 600.00] |
400.00 [300.00, 600.00] |
<0.001 | |
| Crystal infusion volume op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 2100.00 [1025.00, 2650.00] |
2165.00 [1100.00, 2660.00] |
1500.00 [1000.00, 2000.00] |
0.008 | |
| Colloid bolus op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 300.00 [0.00, 850.00] |
320.00 [0.00, 1000.00] |
0.00 [0.00, 0.00] |
<0.001 | |
| Urine output op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 700.00 [400.00, 1000.00] |
700.00 [420.00, 1000.00] |
450.00 [300.00, 752.50] |
0.001 | |
| Total output op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 2555.00 [1100.00, 3400.00] |
2600.00 [1200.00, 3420.00] |
0.00 [0.00, 1500.00] |
<0.001 | |
| Total input op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 2916.68 [2400.00, 3650.00] |
2950.00 [2410.00, 3700.00] |
2000.00 [1500.00, 2570.00] |
<0.001 | |
| Autologous blood op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 250.00] |
0.00 [0.00, 250.00] |
0.00 [0.00, 0.00] |
<0.001 | |
| Machine blood, median [Q1,Q3] | 800.00 [500.00, 1000.00] |
800.00 [500.00, 1000.00] |
500.00 [400.00, 925.00] |
0.017 | |
| SO2 min op (%), median [Q1,Q3] | 97.70 [94.00, 99.70] |
97.50 [94.00, 99.70] |
98.15 [95.95, 99.18] |
0.706 | |
| RBC (1012/l), mean (SD) | 4.50 (0.67) | 4.51 (0.67) | 4.32 (0.71) | 0.054 | |
| WBC (109/l), mean (SD) | 6.61 (3.38) | 6.64 (3.42) | 5.82 (1.79) | 0.002 | |
| HB (g/l), mean (SD) | 130.18 (20.85) | 130.34 (20.69) | 126.16 (24.62) | 0.220 | |
| HCT (/l), mean (SD) | 40.37 (5.60) | 40.40 (5.56) | 39.54 (6.56) | 0.345 | |
| Hb min op, mean (SD) | 84.58 (16.63) | 84.45 (16.70) | 87.91 (14.57) | 0.092 | |
| HCT min op, mean (SD) | 24.75 (4.97) | 24.66 (4.98) | 27.03 (4.23) | <0.001 | |
| PLT (109/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 193.50 [155.00, 241.00] |
194.00 [156.00, 241.25] |
160.00 [116.50,234.00] |
0.002 | |
| Creatinine (μmol/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 71.80 [60.80, 85.00] |
71.50 [60.60, 85.00] |
76.90 [69.22, 92.67] |
0.002 | |
| TP (g/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 68.10 [63.80, 72.80] |
68.10 [63.80, 72.72] |
68.95 [65.82, 73.42] |
0.275 | |
| Albumin (g/l), mean (SD) | 39.88 (4.56) | 39.92 (4.54) | 38.86 (4.94) | 0.126 | |
| Globulin (g/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 28.00 [25.10, 31.50] |
27.90 [25.00, 31.50] |
29.85 [27.70, 33.35] |
0.002 | |
| ALT (IU/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 19.85 [13.00, 31.00] |
19.90 [13.00, 31.22] |
19.00 [14.00, 26.75] |
0.508 | |
| AST (IU/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 22.75 [18.00, 29.48] |
22.70 [18.00, 29.33] |
25.00 [20.00, 30.85] |
0.095 | |
| PT (s), median [Q1,Q3] | 13.10 [12.00,14.40] |
13.20 [12.00,14.40] |
11.75 [10.90,13.40] |
<0.001 | |
| INR, median [Q1,Q3] | 1.06 [1.00, 1.18] | 1.06 [1.00, 1.18] | 1.13 [1.06, 1.79] | <0.001 | |
| FIB (g/l), median [Q1,Q3] | 2.90 [2.44, 3.49] | 2.91 [2.44, 3.48] | 2.86 [2.48, 3.71] | 0.924 | |
| LVEF (%), median [Q1,Q3] | 62.00 [57.00, 67.00] |
62.00 [57.00, 67.00] |
61.00 [56.00, 65.25] |
0.152 | |
| Trans RBC before (u), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.048 | |
| Trans FFP before (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00,0.00] | 0.603 | |
| Trans PLT before, median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.001 | |
| Trans cryoprecipitate before (U), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.845 | |
| Trans RBC op (U), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 1.75] | 0.065 | |
| Trans FFP op (ml), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 290.00] | 0.010 | |
| Trans PLT op, median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.628 | |
| Trans cryoprecipitate op (U), median [Q1,Q3] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.842 |
SD, standard deviation; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct, red blood cell volume; PLT, platelet; TP, total protein, ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; FIB, fibrinogen; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fractions; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass precharge; SaO2, oxygen saturation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ASA, The American Society of Anesthesiologists; op means the intraoperative variable.