Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics at study start and at follow-up visit.
| ALL | BPD | RYGB | % differences | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At study start | At follow-up | At study start | At follow-up | At study start | At follow-up | ALL | BPD | RYGB | |
| Number | 15 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 15 | 9 | 6 |
| Days until follow-up | 185.3 ± 72.9 | 183.7 ± 61.8 | 187.8 ± 93.6 | ||||||
| Men, n (%) | 10 (66.7) | – | 4 (44.4) * | – | 6 (100) * | – | – | – | – |
| Age, years | 44.3 ± 8.3 | – | 44.7 ± 8.1 | – | 43.7 ± 9.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Weight, kg | 151.0 ± 24.8 ### | 110.4 ± 22.2 ### | 156.3 ± 28.7 ### | 109.4 ± 26.8 ### | 143.0 ± 16.7 ## | 112.0 ± 15.1 ## | -26.5 ± 10.8 | -29.8 ± 12.0 | 21.6 ± 7.0 |
| % Excess weight loss | – | 53.3 ± 19.9 | – | 55.5 ± 20.9 | – | 50.0 ± 19.7 | – | – | – |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 51.7 ± 9.7 ### | 37.7 ± 7.7 ### | 55.9 ± 9.7 * ### | 39.1 ± 8.9 ### | 45.3 ± 5.7 * ## | 35.5 ± 5.5 ## | -26.1 ± 11.4 | -29.2 ± 13.0 | -21.6 ± 7.0 |
| Change in BMI | – | -14.0 ± 7.2 | – | -16.9 ± 7.9 * | – | -9.7 ± 3.1 * | – | – | – |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 97.5 ± 17.0 ### | 76.8 ± 11.1 ### | 101.7 ± 20.7 # | 76.7 ± 13.8 # | 91.3 ± 6.3 ## |
77.0 ± 6.3 ## | -19.8 ± 13.9 | -22.6 ± 17.1 | -15.6 ± 6.3 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 189.6 ± 28.2 ### | 138.1 ± 28.6 ### | 197.0 ± 31.3 ### | 124.7 ± 17.3 * ### | 178.5 ± 20.2 | 158.2 ± 31.2 * | -25.0 ± 22.1 | -35.2 ± 13.7 * | -9.8 ± 24.7 * |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 47.1 ± 9.5 | 41.7 ± 12.3 | 47.9 ± 7.9 | 38.9 ± 13.2 | 46.0 ± 12.4 | 45.5 ± 11.0 | -8.0 ± 38.5 | -14.0 ± 42.1 | 0.5 ± 35.5 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 119.5 ± 22.1 ## | 74.9 ± 27.5 ## | 127.9 ± 16.3 ## | 61.6 ± 14.2 * ## | 107.8 ± 25.6 | 92.7 ± 32.0 * | -37.8 ± 23.9 | -50.0 ± 15.2 * | -20.8 ± 24.4 * |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 134.9 ± 58.5 | 109.6 ± 49.3 | 141.4 ± 52.7 | 116.2 ± 61.1 | 126.3 ± 69.7 | 99.7 ± 25.2 | -8.7 ± 46.2 | -16.4 ± 19.6 | 1.7 ± 69.2 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 41.4 ± 3.7 ### | 36.5 ± 2.6 ### | 42.1 ± 4.0 # | 37.3 ± 2.5 # | 40.3 ± 3.3 ## | 35.3 ± 2.3 ## | -11.3 ± 8.1 | -10.7 ± 9.8 | -12.2 ± 5.3 |
| Whole body glucose uptake, M, mg/kg/min | 2.7 ± 1.4 ### | 6.0 ± 2.2 ### | 2.3 ± 1.2 ### | 6.1 ± 2.3 ### | 3.3 ± 1.7 # | 5.7 ± 2.3 # | 151.0 ± 116.5 | 188.2 ± 119.4 | 95.2 ± 94.6 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.3 ± 2.2 ## | 1.1 ± 0.6 ## | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 2.3 # | 0.9 ± 0.5 # | -42.7 ± 62.4 | -25.4 ± 74.7 | -68.6 ± 25.5 |
| Insulin secretion, pmol/min/m2 | 223.4 ± 100.7 | 196.6 ± 140.0 | 226.2 ± 89.9 | 173.9 ± 98.0 | 219.2 ± 124.2 | 230.6 ± 192.9 | -14.3 ± 37.1 | -20.4 ± 37.6 | -5.1 ± 37.8 |
Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation or numbers and percent. * = p-values < 0.05 in comparisons between the BPD group and the RYGB group at study start and follow-up.# = p-values < 0.05, ## = p-values < 0.01 and ### = p-values < 0.001 in comparisons at study start and at follow-up in each study group. BMI, Body Mass Index; HDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance.