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. 2021 Dec 16;12:791071. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.791071

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Copyright © 2021 Colella, Cuomo, Peluso, Falanga, Mallardo, De Felice and Ambrosino

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mitochondria-nucleus crosstalk, anterograde and retrograde signaling. Gonadotropins and ovarian hormones signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial dynamics and function are reported in the figure underlining the cellular comportment involved. Anterograde and retrograde signals are reported for the mitochondrion-nucleus crosstalk. Anterograde signals (nucleus to mitochondria) include: the nuclear-encoded transcription factors (TFs, TFAM and TFB that bind the mtDNA, nuclear receptors (NRs) and ncRNAs, among the others. Retrograde signals (mitochondria-nucleus) include: Ca2+, ROS, mitomiRs, mitolncRNAs, among the others (53).