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. 2021 Dec 16;8:793040. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793040

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Copyright © 2021 Laurenzana, Trino, Lamorte, De Stradis, Santodirocco, Sgambato, De Luca and Caivano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cartoon of MM-EV action in HSPC compartment. The healthy HSPC compartment is characterized by different populations, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitors (MPP), lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP), multi-lymphoid progenitor (MLP), common myeloid progenitor (CMP), megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor (MEP), granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GMP), and B/NK progenitors (B/NK prog). These progenitors are able to generate different colonies, such as CFU-Granulocyte, Macrophage (CFU-GM), CFU Macrophage (CFU-M), CFU Granulocyte (CFU-G), CFU Granulocyte, Erythrocyte, Macrophage, Megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM), and Burst-Forming-Unit Erythrocyte (BFU-E, on the left). On the right, the EVs released by MM cells are captured by HSPCs, which in the response block their differentiation with consequent impairment of the ability to form colonies. The arrows indicate an increase (↑) or a decrease (↓) induced by MM-EVs on both different HSPC populations and colonies. MM, multiple myeloma; EVs, Extracellular vesicles; HSPC, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.