Table 2.
Resting-state complexity in healthy individuals and clinical populations. Neural complexity in a range of conscious states related to both long- and short-term brain changes. For states in the left and right columns, studies typically draw comparisons against healthy wakeful controls without further discrimination between different standard wake states, although complexity can in fact vary for these as well (middle column). Due to methodological differences between studies, it is not yet possible to draw quantitative comparisons between the states and conditions within each column
| Resting-state complexity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower complexity ← | ← Normal waking → complexity |
→ Higher complexity | ||
| Vegetative state | Minimally conscious state | Task focus | Mind wandering | Psychedelics |
| NREM sleep | REM sleep | Meditation | Viewing movie | Ketamine |
| Anaesthesia | Viewing visual noise | Depressiona | ||
| Traumatic brain injury (non-DoC) | Hearing speech = hearing random noise | Schizophreniaa | ||
| Dementia ADHD Autism Anorexia nervosa |
Peak at age 60 years | |||
Mixed results have been obtained for schizophrenia and depression, but in the majority of studies, resting-state complexity has been found to be higher in patients than in healthy controls.