TABLE 1.
Quantity changes of MDSC and subsets of MDSC in the environment of diabetes.
| MDSC | Subtypes | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes | NOD mice | Expanded in peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid organ | M-MDSC increased significantly | Whitfield-Larry et al. (2014) |
| NOD mice | Increased in bone marrow and peripheral blood | — | Yin et al. (2010) | |
| NOD mice | Decreased in islets | — | Fu et al. (2012) | |
| NOD mice | — | 12-week-old showed a decrease in M-MDSC and an increase in PMN-MDSC compared to 4-week-old before the onset | Qi et al. (2020) | |
| STZ mice | Increased significantly on day three after STZ injection and then remained higher than in the control group until the last day (day 24) of observation and remained stable at about twice the percentage of the control group in peripheral blood | — | Venneri et al. (2015) | |
| STZ mice | Increased in peripheral blood (36.5 vs. 20.5%, P = 0.07) | — | Hsieh et al. (2018) | |
| STZ mice | Decrease at the fourth week in the bone marrow | — | Furman, (2015) | |
| STZ mice | The number of MDSC return to normal at the sixth week | 6 weeks after STZ-induced diabetes in mice, PMN-MDSC accounted for a large proportion in bone marrow, but the G/M ratio decreased, although there was no statistical significance | Kim et al. (2018) | |
| STZ mice | Increased in the spleen, bone marrow, kidney, and PLN 3 weeks after STZ treatment | — | (Gao et al., 2013; Hsieh et al., 2018) | |
| STZ mice | — | The proportion of PMN-MDSC in bone marrow slightly decreased while the proportion of M-MDSC slightly increased, with statistical differences | Li et al. (2021) | |
| STZ mice | — | The ratio of M-MDSC decreased in PLNs 15 days after STZ treatment | Carlos et al. (2017) | |
| T1D patients (aged 11–46 years), n = 23 vs. healthy volunteers (aged 12–59 years), n = 21 | Significantly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with T1D, and most of them were M-MDSC | M-MDSC significant increased in the spleen and peripheral blood but decreased in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNS) 15 days after STZ treatment | Whitfield-Larry et al. (2014) | |
| T1D patients, n = 30 vs. non-diabetic patients, n = 30 | MDSC in nucleated cells increased by 0.72 ± 0.24 (non-diabetic patients) vs. 4.4 ± 2.07 (diabetic patients) | A slight decrease in the M-MDSC of CD14+ cells (99.3 ± 0.3 vs. 96.5 ± 3.02) and a significant increase in the PMN-MDSC of CD14− cells (0.62 ± 0.33 vs. 3.98 ± 3.0) in peripheral blood | Hassan et al. (2018) | |
| T1D patients, n = 65 vs. their high-risk relatives (diabetes-related antibody positive), n = 21 vs. healthy volunteers, n = 24 | The number of MDSC, especially the subgroup M-MDSC, increased significantly. M-MDSC in the group with HbA1c >7.5% is significantly higher | — | Grohová et al. (2020) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | db/db mice | MDSC increased in spleen cells (4.5 vs. 2.3%) and peripheral blood (23 vs. 11%) (compared with that in the healthy control group) | — | Wang et al. (2018a) |
| ob/ob mice | MDSC in bone marrow did not change. The number of MDSC in the spleen, fat, and liver of peripheral organs increased significantly | — | Xia et al. (2011) | |
| ob/ob mice | Bone marrow-derived MDSC produced significantly less CFU G and significantly more CFU M | — | Mahdipour et al. (2011) | |
| T2D (30–55 years old), n = 24 vs. healthy volunteers, n = 22 | Increase in the proportion of MDSC in peripheral blood | — | Wang et al. (2018a) | |
| T2D, n = 22 vs. no-diabetes patients, n = 21 | The median frequency of MDSC in peripheral blood was 1.5 and 1%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant | — | Fernández-Ruiz et al. (2019) | |
| T2D, n = 80 vs. healthy volunteers, n = 11 | The proportion of MDSC in PBMC was higher in T2D patients than in healthy subjects (median, 6.7 vs. 2.5%); among this study, PMN-MDSC accounted for 96% of MDSC | — | Islam et al. (2020) | |
| T2D, n = 19 vs. obese normal glucose volunteers, n = 18 | The number of M-MDSC increased in peripheral blood (P = 0.048) | The number of M-MDSC in the peripheral blood of obese T2D patients was higher than that of obese non-T2D patients | Friedrich et al. (2019) |
NOD mice, (non-obese diabetic mice); STZ mice, (streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice); PMN-MDSC (polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells); M-MDSC, (monocytes myeloid-derived suppressor cells); T1D, (type 1 diabetes); T2D, (type 2 diabetes).