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. 2021 Dec 26;13(12):676–694. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v13.i12.676

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Examples of deleterious cardiovascular pathways associated with hyperphosphatemia and reactive oxygen species. Adapted from Servier Medical Art, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B.