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. 2021 Dec 19;11(12):1177–1190. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1177

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Major pathways of polyamines biosynthesis and interconversion (from Gross and Turecki[71]; scheme reproduced with permission of Bentham; modified). ADC: Arginine decarboxylase; AGMAT: Agmatinase; AMD: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; ARG: Arginase; AZIN: Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor; dcSAM: Decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine; MTA: 5’-methylthioadenosine; OAT: Ornithine aminotransferase; OAZ: Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme; ODC: Ornithine decarboxylase; PAO: Polyamine oxidase; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; SAT1: Spermidine/SpermineN1 acetyltransferase; SMS: Spermine synthase; SMOX: Spermine oxidase; SRM: Spermidine synthase.